494 CTPERACE,*. (SEDGE FAMILY.) 



16. C. Grayii* Toir. Culm thread-form, wiry (6'- 12' high) ; haves .learly 

 bristle-shaped, channelled; umbel simple, 4-6-rayed; spikes 5-10 in a loose head, 

 spreading, 5-7-fiowered, the joints of the axis winged; scales rather oljtuse, green- 

 ish-chestnut-color; achenium obovate, minutely pointed. Barren sandy soil, 

 Rhode Island to New Jersey, near the coast. Aug. (Approaches the next.) 



17. C. filiculmis, Vahl. Culm slender, wiry, often reclined (8' -15' 

 high) ; leaves linear ( 1 " - 2" wide) ; spikes numerous and clustered in one sessile dense 

 head, or in 1-3 additional looser Jieads on spreading rays, 6 - 10-flowcrcd ; joints oj 

 the axis naked ; scales blunt, greenish ; achenium obovate, short-pointed. (C. ma- 

 riscoides, KIL] Dry sterile soil ; common, especially southward. Aug. 



$4. MAItfSCUS, Vahl. Style 3-ckft: the achenium triangular: stamens 3 

 spikes 1 -few-flowered, scarcely flattened ; the 2 lower scales short and empty : cth- 

 envise as in $ 3. 



18. C. ovulfii'is, Torr. Smooth; culm sharply triangular (6'- 12' high) ; 

 umbel 1-6-raycd; spikes in globular dense heads, 2 - 4-jIon'ered, s/iort and thick: 

 joints of the axis winged ; scales ovate, blunt, greenish ; achenium obovoid. 11 

 (Kyllingia, Michx.) Sandy soil, S. New York to Illino : s and southward. 

 Aug. - Oct. Heads barely ' in diameter, of 50-100 spikes. 



19. C. retrofr.fiCtUS, Torr. Culm minutely downy like the leaves, rough 

 on the obtusish angles (l-3high); umbel manv-raycd ; sju'kes slender, awl- 

 snaped, very numerous in obovate or oblong heads terminating the elongated 

 rays, soon reflexed, 1 - ^-flowered in the middle; scales usually 4 or 5, the two 

 lowest ovate and empty, the fertile lanceolate, the uppermost involute-awl-shaped; 

 achenium linear. 1J. (Scirpus retrofractus, L.) Sandy fields, New Jersey to 

 Virginia, and southward. Aug. Spikes ' long, 50-100 in a head, greenish. 



2. KYLLINGIA, L. KYLLINGIA. 



Spikes of 3-4 two-ranked scales, 1 -1^-flowered; the 2 lower scales minute 

 and empty, as in Cyperus 4 , otherwise as in Cypcrus 1 (viz. style 2-cleft; 

 achenium lenticular) : but the numerous spikes densely aggregated in solitary 

 or triple sessile heads. Involucre about 3-leavcd. (Named after Kylling, a 

 Danish botanist.) 



1. K. pilniila, Michx. Head globular or 3-lobed, whitish-green (4" 

 broad); spikes strictly 1 -flowered; upper scales ovate, pointed, rough on the 

 keel; stamens 2 ; leaves linear. Low grounds, Ohio to Illinois, and southward. 

 Aug. Culms 2' - 9' high. 



3. DULICIIIUM, Richard. DCLICHIUM. 



Spikes many- (6 -10-) flowered, linear, flattened, sessile in 2 ranks on axillary 

 solitary peduncles emerging from the sheaths of the leaves. Scales 2-ranked, 

 lanceolate. Perianth of 6-9 downwardly barbed bristles. Stamen? 3. Style 

 2-cleft above. Achenium flattened, linear-oblong, beaked with the long persist- 

 ent style. A perennial herb, with a terete simple culm (l-2 high), jointed 

 and leafy to the summit; the leaves short and flat, linear, 3-nmkt-d. (The name 

 of a Greek island ; its application unexplained.) 



