PREFACE. Vll 



tion, correction or alteration that may appear to be neces- 

 sary, in order that it may be employed in the preparation 

 of a future edition, as it is only through such assistance 

 that the Flora of an extensive country can attain to even a 

 moderate degree of perfection. 



A few terms are used in this book which may not have 

 become familiar to botanists, and it is therefore advisable 

 to direct attention to them and explain their meaning. 

 This is done nearly in the words employed by Mr. Joseph 

 Woods in the introduction to his useful Tourist's Flora. 



The word Phyllaries is used for the parts in Composite 

 which were considered by Linnaeus as the leaves of a com- 

 mon calyx, and by later writers as the bracts or scales of 

 an involucre. 



Botanists have used the word Joint (articulus) as signi- 

 fying the point of union of two different parts, or the space 

 between such points. Joining is here employed in the 

 former of these senses ; and Joint is used as in common 

 speech for the parts so joined. 



In the Orchidacece the term Label is used for that ap- 

 pendage to the flower which was called the Terminal divi- 

 sion of the lip in former editions of this book. 



St. John's College, Cambridge, 

 May 1, 1856. 



