GALIUM. 157 



peduncles 3-flowered, fr. granulated reflexed. E. B. 1641. St. 

 procumbent, spreading. Fl. small, all 3 appearing perfect, the 

 middle one usually alone fertile. Fr. large, a double globe, 

 covered with small granulations. Dry calcareous fields. A. VI. 

 -IX. E. 



5. G. Aparine (L.) ; 1. 6 8 in a whorl linear-lanceolate with 

 marginal backward prickles, st. rough with deflexed prickles, pe- 

 duncles few- (about 3) flowered, fruitstalks divaricated straight, 

 fruit covered with short hooked bristles. E. B. 816. St. strag- 

 gling amongst bushes, 3 4 feet long. The marginal prickles 

 near the extremity of the 1. point forwards, the rest backwards. 

 Fl. small. Peduncles or rather flowering branches with several 

 leaves at the primary divisions. Fr. large. Common. A. VI. 

 VIII. Goose-grass. Cleavers. 



6. G. spurium (L.) ; 1. 6 8 in a whorl linear-lanceolate with 

 marginal backward prickles, st. rough with deflexed prickles, pe- 

 duncles with 3 9 flowers, fruitstalks divaricated straight. E. B. 

 1871. Closely resembling the preceding; distinguished by its 

 more numerous green flowers, floral leaves solitary ("or in pairs"), 

 fruit of about half the size and smooth. /3. G. Vaillantii (DC.); 

 fr. hispid. E. B. S. 2943. Fields, a. Forfar; j8. Saffron Wai- 

 den and Chesterford, Essex. A. VII. E. S. 



7. G. parisiense (L.) ; L about 6 in a whorl linear-lanceolate 

 bristle-pointed with marginal forward prickles, st. rough with de- 

 curved prickles, panicles small dichotomous, branches divaricated 

 bifid. G. anglicum Huds., E. B. 384. St. 6 8 in. high, spread- 

 ing, slender, brittle. L. usually 6 in a whorl, the lowermost 

 sometimes in fours. Branches of the small panicles often spread- 

 ing nearly at right angles with their stalk. Fr. granulated, nearly 

 black. The typical G. parisiense has hooked prickles on the 

 fruit. Old walls and dry sandy places. A. VI. VII. E. 



C. Leaves 1 -veined. Root perennial. Fl. in terminal panicles. 

 * Fruit not granulated. No downward prickles on the stem. 



8. G. erectum (Huds.) ; L about 8 in a whorl lanceolate mucro- 

 nate the margins rough with forward prickles, midrib slender, 

 branches of the panicle all ascending, fruitstalks divaricated, fr. 

 oval smooth, pet. taper-pointed. E. B. 2067. St. weak, gla- 

 brous or hairy, ascending. L. lanceolate, scarcely at all obovate ; 

 margins with 2 rows of prickles pointing forwards; midrib beneath 

 rather slender, smooth. j3. cinereum ; 1. 6 8 in a whorl linear. 

 G. cinereum Sm., E. B. S. 2783, seems to be only a narrow- 

 leaved variety. G. aristatum (Sm.), E. B. 2784, has 1. in sixes but 

 is probably a state of this. Hedges and pastures. P. VI. VII. 



