43. VALERIANACE^E. 159 



G. pusillum E. B. 74, not Linn. St. many, slender, square, dif- 

 fuse, ascending. L. often nearly glabrous or with marginal 

 hairs (not prickles] spreading or backward. Lower part of stem 

 and leaves sometimes densely covered with patent hairs. Panicle 

 very variable in size. Fr. very minutely granulated. Limestone 

 hills, rare. P. VI. VII. 



*** Stem rough with downward prickles. 



15. G. uliginosum (L.); L 6 8 in a whorl linear-lanceolate 

 bristle-pointed with margins rough like the angles of the stem with 

 backward prickles, panicles small axillary few-flowered trichoto- 

 mous the branches patent 3-fid, fruitstalks divaricate straight, 

 fruit granulated. E. B. 1972. Stems slender, brittle, about a 

 foot high, weak. L. usually 6 in a whorl, discoloured at the tip 

 and shortly acuminate. Branches of the small panicles divari- 

 cate. Fr. dark brown. Wet places. P. VII. VIII. 



16. G. palustre (L.) ; L 4 in a whorl broadly linear broader 

 upwards blunt, midrib slender, panicle diffuse, fr.-st. straight 

 spreading at right angles, fr. small (1| lin. nearly) smooth. St. 

 1 2 feet high, slender usually branched. Fl. small, white. St. 

 and branches nearly smooth. L. very narrow, lowest usually in 

 sixes, upper in fours of which 2 are smaller. G. Witheringii 

 (Sm.) differs only by having rough edges to the leaves. Wet 

 places by ditches and rivers. P. VII. VIII. 



17- G. elongatum (Presl); I. 4 in a whorl linear-oblong blunt 

 narrowed below, midrib prominent, panicle diffuse, fr.-st. spread- 

 ing at right angles, fr. large slightly rough. G. palustre, E. B. 

 1857. Differs from G. palustre by its thick weak stem 24 ft. 

 high, less branched and entangled ; 1. broad and long (sometimes 

 H in. long and broad, but usually smaller) ; fl. and fr. of twice 

 the size. Known at sight by the much superior size of all its 

 parts. Wet plac'es. P. VII. VIII. 



4. RUBIA Linn. Wild Madder. 



1. R. peregrina (L.) ; 1. 4 6 in a whorl elliptic or lanceolate 

 shining smooth above without veins the margin and keel rough 

 with reflexed bristles. E. B. 851. Old st. terete ; shoots spread- 

 ing, square. L. rigid, persistent. Cor. rotate, 5-cleft; lobes 

 oval suddenly narrowed into a slender point. Stony and sandy 

 thickets in the south. P. VI. VIII. E. I. 



Order XLIII. VALERIANACE^E. 



Cal. superior ; limb various, toothed, obsolete or involute and 

 ultimately resembling a pappus. Cor. tubular, 3 5-lobed, un- 



