45. COMPOSITE. 163 



3. D. pilosus (L.); I. stalked with a It. at the base on each side, 

 scales of the receptacle obovate-cuspidate straight, involucres 

 deflexed. E.B. 877. St. 3 4 feet high, branched, rough, leafy. 

 Heads of fl. small, globose, exceeding the involucres. Moist 

 shady places. B. VIII. E. 



2. KNAUTIA Coult. 



1. K. arvensis (Coult.) ; lower 1. simple, stem-1. pinnatifid, st. 

 bristly, calyx with about 8 awned teeth. E. B. 659. St. 23 

 feet high, slightly branched, with few leaves. Radical 1. many, 

 sometimes pinnately lobed. Fl. purple, in large convex long- 

 stalked heads, outer ones usually unequal and radiant. In- 

 volucres bluntish. fi.integrifolia (Coult.); 1. all simple narrowly 

 lanceolate entire or superficially crenate. Fields. P. VII. IX. 

 Field Scabious. 



3. SCABIOSA Linn. Scabious. 



1. S. succisa (L.) ; root abrupt, heads of fl. and fr. nearly 

 globose, involucel hairy 4-fid herbaceous, cor. 4-cleft regular, 

 1. oblong entire, upper 1. narrower mostly entire. E. E. 878. 

 St. 1 3 feet high. Radical 1. many, stem-1. usually few. Fl. 

 purplish-blue, rarely white. St. and both sides of the 1. hairy 

 or glabrous. Meadows and pastures. P. VII. X. Devil's bit; 



2. S. Columbaria (L.); heads of fr. globose, involucel mem- 

 branous plaited notched, cor. 5-cleft radiant, radical 1. oblong 

 stalked crenate entire or lyrate, uppermost 1. pinnatifid with 

 linear segments. E. B. 1311. St. 12 18 in. high. Radical 

 1. obtuse, or, rarely, lanceolate and acute, on long stalks ; upper 

 1. rarely entire, linear. Fl. purplish. " /3. glabra (Ball) ; caly- 

 cine bristles more flattened with traces of a medial nerve." On 

 a calcareous soil. /3. Pennard Castle, Glam. Mr. J. Ball. P. 

 VII. VIII. E. S. 



Order XLV. COMPOSITE. 



Fl. capitate, surrounded by an involucre formed of scales 

 (phyllaries). Cal. superior ; limb obsolete or forming a toothed 

 bristly or feathery pappus. Cor. tubular or ligulate. Stam. 5, 

 inserted in the tube ; anthers united, syngenesious. Fr. an inde- 

 hiscent dry pericarp with an erect seed without albumen. 



The following arrangement of the genera is nearly that of 

 Jussieu. It is more simple than that of DeCandolle, which is 

 followed in the arrangement of the species. 



