SERRATULA. CENTATJREA. 185 



4. A. minus (Schk.); heads racemose shortly stalked globular 

 slightly contracted at the mouth in fr. slightly webbed (greenish), 

 phyll. falling short of the jits, subulate inner row equalling the 

 others and gradually subulate, subcylindrical upper part of fits. 

 about as long as the lower part. E. B. 1228. R. xv. 811. 

 Smaller than either of the preceding. Central st. mostly nod- 

 ding and as well as the branches having scattered small heads. 

 Term, head solitary. Fr. fuscous with black blotches. Waste 

 places. B. VIII. 



5. A. pubens (Bab.) ; heads subracemose stalked hemispherical 

 and open in fr. much webbed (greenish), phyll. equalling the 

 fits, subulate inner row equalling the others and gradually subu- 

 late, subcylindrical upper part of fits, as long as the lower part. 

 See A. N. H. ser. 2. xvii. for an account of this plant and its 

 allies. St. about 3 ft. high. Stalks of the heads rather long, 

 those of the lower heads longest. Heads usually with much wool, 

 twice as large as those of A. minus. Fr. dark brown with a few 

 paler spots towards the top. Camb., Warw., Sheffield, Llanberis. 

 B. VIII. 



Section 2. SERRATULE^E. Heads many-flowered ; florets 

 all tubular, hermaphrodite or dioecious, the external row some- 

 times female. Involucre of many rows of distinct phyllaries. 

 Filaments distinct. Pappus in many rows of different lengths, 

 inner row longest, pilose or plumose, surrounded by a margin. 



27. SERRATULA Linn. Saw-wort. 



1. S. tinctoria (L.) ; 1. with bristly serratures pinnatifid some- 

 what lyrate, heads oblong corymbose, phyll. ovate adpressed, inner 

 ones linear coloured. E. B. 38. St. 3. 16. St. 23 feet high, 

 straight, erect, angular, branched above. L. pinnatifid or lyrate, 

 rarely entire. Fits, purple. Groves and thickets. P. VIII. E. 



Section 3. CENT A URE^E. Heads many-flowered, discoidal, 

 outer row of florets usually barren enlarged and irregular. Phyl- 

 laries in many rows. Filaments distinct. Pappus in many rows 

 of different lengths, second row longest, setaceo-pilose, placed 

 within the margin which surrounds the epigynous disk, rarely 0. 



28. CENTAUREA Linn. Knapweed. 

 * Phyll. with a scarious pectinated not decurrent appendage. 



[1. C. Jacea (L.) ; phyll.-appendages erect rounded, pappus 0, 

 1. linear-lanceolate lower ones broader and toothed. E. B. 1678. 

 Lower 1. ovate-lanceolate, stalked, toothed. Involucre pale 

 brown ; few outermost phyll. with appendages deeply jagged in 

 a pinnatifid manner, few innermost entire, the rest irregularly 



