ONOPORDUM. 187 



lucres usually rather woolly ; scales pale, with dark acute mem- 

 branous pectinated decurrent appendages; teeth paler, short, not 

 longer than f the width of the scale. Florets purple, outer row 

 radiant or 0. In a plant from " Carnouctie, Fife," the inv. is 

 quite covered by the appendages, not showing any of the pale por- 

 tion. It may be C.Jcotschyana Koch. Fields and hedges. P. VII. 

 IX. Great Knapweed. 



*** Phyll. horny at the end, spines palmate or pinnate. 



*6. C. solsiitialis (L.) ; phyll. woolly palmately spinous, central 

 spine of the intermediate ones very long needle-shaped, inner 

 ones with a roundish scarious appendage, heads terminal solitary, 

 st. winged with the decurrent bases of the linear-lanceolate entire 

 hoary leaves, root-1. lyrate. E. B. 243. St. 12 feet high, 

 branched, spreading. Involucres sometimes glabrous. Florets 

 yellow. Cultivated land, probably introduced. A. VII. IX. 

 Yellow Star-thistle. E. 



7- C. Calcitrapa (L.); phyll. glabrous palmately spinous, cen- 

 tral spine strong channeled, innermost phyll. with a scarious 

 obtuse appendage, heads lateral sessile solitary, pappus obsolete, 

 /. deeply pinnatiftd, lobes of the root-1. lanceolate toothed, of the 

 stem-1. linear. E.B. 125. St. furrowed, slightly hairy, branched, 

 spreading, about a foot high. Fl. purplish. Gravelly and sandy 

 places. A. VII. VIII. Common Star-thistle. E. 



[8. C. Isnardi (L.) ; phyll. palmately spinous, spines nearly 

 equal 3 5, innermost phyll. with a scarious obtuse lanceolate or 

 slightly spathulate appendage, heads terminal solitary, pappus of 

 all the fr. in several rows, I. linear coarsely toothed narrowed 

 below sessile rough, lower ones (and those of the primary stem ?) 

 broader incise-dentate with clasping auricles E. B. 2256. St. 

 procumbent, with long slender simple leafy branches each termi- 

 nated by a solitary head. L. mostly linear, slightly toothed or 

 entire. Fl. purple. Distinguished from C. aspera only by its 

 simple upper leaves. Guernsey. P. VII. VIII.] 



Section 4. CARDUINE^E. Heads many-flowered; florets 

 all tubular. Involucre in many rows of distinct spinous phyllaries. 

 Filaments distinct. Pappus in many rows, not surrounded by a 

 prominent margin. 



29. ONOPORDUM Linn. Cotton Thistle. 



1. 0. Acanthium (L.); st. erect many-headed, 1. elliptic-ob- 

 long woolly on both sides sinuate spinous decurrent, outer phyll. 

 lanceolate-subulate recurved and spreading. E. B. 977- St. 4 

 5 feet high, woolly, with broad spinous wings, branched. Inv. 



