CARDUUS. 189 



5. C. eriophorus (L.); /. half-clasping not decurrent white and 

 cottony beneath deeply pinnatifid, lobes bifid the segments lan- 

 ceolate entire alternately pointing upwards and downwards and 

 each terminated by a strong spine, involucres globose shaggy lan- 

 ceolate with a long linear spinous-tipped reflexed point. E. B. 

 386. St. 3 4 feet high, much branched, furrowed, hairy. Root-1. 

 1 2 feet long, linear with long divergent lobes which form dou- 

 ble rows in a very regular manner. Stem-1. similar but smaller. 

 Heads very large ; involucre covered with a dense white web ; 

 florets purple. A remarkably conspicuous plant. Waste ground 

 on a limestone soil. B. VIII. Woolly-headed Thistle. 



ft Leaves not spinous-haiiy above, 

 a. Limb of the cor. 5-parted to its base. BREEA Less. 



6. C. arvensis (Curt.); heads subdioecious, I. subsessile oblong- 

 lanceolate pinnatifid spinous wavy, involucres ovate subglabrous, 

 phyll. broadly lanceolate adpressed terminating in a short spread- 

 ing spine, root creeping. E. B. 975. St. erect, 3 4 feet high, 

 leafy, angular, corymbose above. L. very spinous, sessile or very 

 slightly decurrent, varying greatly ,in width. f/3- setosus ; 1. 

 lanceolate flat entire or slightly lobed. Cir. setosum M. B. 

 Fields and roads. /3. Culross and Kirkwall, S. P. VII. /3. IX. 

 Creeping Thistle. 



b. Limb of the cor. 5-parted to its middle. 



7- C. palustris (L.) ; I. decurrent lanceolate deeply pinnatifid 

 spinose, involucres ovate clustered, phyll. ovate-lanceolate ad- 

 pressed mucronate. E. B. 974. St. solitary, erect, 3 5 feet 

 high, wandlike, with wavy spinose wings throughout, slightly 

 branched. Heads in a terminal cluster. Florets purple or white. 

 Under side of the 1. usually cottony. Involucre with a slight 

 web. Wet meadows. A. VII. VIII. 



8. C. pratensis (Huds.) ; I. mostly radical lanceolate wavy or 

 lobed pilose above cottony beneath fringed with minute prickles, 

 stem-l. not decurrent few clasping, involucres globose solitary 

 terminal slightly cottony, phyll. lanceolate-attenuate adpressed 

 mucronate, root stoloniferous. E. B. 177- Cir. anglicum Lam. 

 St. 1 2 feet high, cottony, usually quite simple and single- 

 headed, leafless in the upper half with a few scaly bracts, springing 

 singly from the suckers. L. broad, soft, sinuate-dentate, rarely 

 with small 2 3-fid lobes, not pinnatifid, fringed with small but 

 unequal prickles, lower 1. stalked. Occasionally there are 2 or 3 

 fl. on a stem. C. Fosteri (Sm.) is a hybrid between this and 

 C. palustris having 1. slightly decurrent lanceolate all pinnatitid 

 spinous cottony beneath, st. panicled, inv. ovate slightly cottony, 



