190 45. COMPOSITE. 



root csespitose producing several stems. Boggy meadows. P. 

 VI. V 111. 



9. C. tuberosus (L.) ; 1. lanceolate deeply pinnatifid pilose 

 above hairy or slightly cottony beneath fringed with minute 

 prickles, stem-l. sessile not decurrent, lobes 2 3-fid, involucres 

 ovate terminal 1 3 together slightly cottony, phyll. lanceolate 

 mucronate adpressed, root of elliptical tapering fleshy fibres. 

 E. B. 2562. Cir. bulbosum DC., Koch. St. 2 feet high, erect, 

 round, hairy, leafless above the middle with a few minute bracts. 

 Lower 1. stalked, stem-l. nearly or quite sessile. Great-ridge Wood 

 near Boyton, Wilts. (See Cyb. Brit. iii. 455.) P. VIII. IX. E. 



10. C. acaulis (L.) ; L glabrous radical lanceolate pinnatifid, 

 lobes subtrifid spinose, involucre ovate glabrous nearly sessile 

 mostly solitary, outer phyll. ovate inner ones gradually longer 

 adpressed, root with filiform fibres. E.B. 161. St. 24. 16. St. 

 generally wanting; sometimes 3 12 in. long, leafy, woolly. L. all 

 stalked, glabrous except a few hairs upon the ribs beneath. 

 Heads very large, fl. crimson. /3. C. dubius (Willd.); st. much 

 branched woolly a foot or more in height. Willd. FL Berol. 

 f. 11. Perhaps a hybrid between this and C. arvensis. Dry 

 calcareous pastures. /3. Saffron Walden, Essex. Mr. G. S. Gibson. 

 P. VII. IX. 



11. C. heterophyllus (L.) ; 7. clasping not decurrent glabrous 

 above white and downy beneath lanceolate serrate fringed with 

 minute prickles, root-1. with long stalks clasping at the base, in- 

 volucres ovate slightly downy, phyll. ovate or lanceolate acumi- 

 nate adpressed. E.B. 675. Root creeping. St. 3 4 feet high, 

 furrowed, cottony, slightly branched above. Heads large and 

 handsome. L. very large, undivided. Moist mountain pastures. 

 P. VII. VIII. E. S. 



SectionS. SILYBE^E. Filaments monadelphous. Pappus 

 in many rows. 



31. SILYBTJM Gaert. Milk Thistle. 



1. S. marianum (Gaert.). Carduus Sm., E. B. 9/6. St. 3 4 

 feet high, ribbed and furrowed. L. very large, oblong-lanceolate, 

 wavy, clasping; radical 1. pinnatifid, usually variegaroid with green 

 and milk-white. Heads large, globose. Phyll. closely adpressed 

 below, leaflike, with a long terminal recurved spine. Florets 

 purple, their tube very long. Waste places. B. VI. VII. 



