1 88 Bedotmi Tribes of the Euphrates, [ch. xxiv. 



Fellahin, at Sliergliat, and revised by Faris him- 

 self:— 



SJiammar Tribes of Jlesopofamia, all jDure Bedouins, owning 

 camels and mares, and carrying the lance. They acknowledge 

 the authority of one supreme Sheykh, who is also Sheykh of 

 the Jerba, and is descended from their chieftain, Faris, who led 

 them from the Nejd in the 17th century. Their present chief 

 is Ferhan ibn Sftik ; but a portion of the tribe, perhaps one 

 fourth, has seceded from Ferhan, and lives under the rule of 

 his brother Faris. The Shammar of Mesopotamia are a branch 

 of the Shammar of Jebel Shammar, and still preserve relations 

 of consanguinity with these. They migrate north and south 

 according to the season, but do not go further south in winter 

 than the latitude of Ana. They exact tribute from the 

 smaller tribes of Mesopotamia, and are independent of Turkish 

 authority : — 



