PINE FAMILY 19 



VIII. JUNIPERUS L. 



Elowers very small, lateral, difficious, or sometimes moncje- 

 cious. Scales of the staminate flower shield-shaped, with 3-6 

 anther cells. Fertile flowers with 3-6 fleshy scales which 

 unite into a berry-like, 1-3-seeded fruit. Leaves awl-shaped 

 or scale-shaped. 



1. J. communis L. Juniper. A low, spreading shrub (one variety 

 prostrate in circular masses). Leaves linear-awl-shaped, with needle- 

 like points, each marked with a distinct stripe of bloom along the 

 center of the upper surface, borne in whorls of three. Fruit a dark 

 blue aromatic berr}^ \ in. or more in diameter. Grows in dry pas- 

 tures and on sterile hillsides N. 



2. J. virginiana L. Red Cedar, Savin. Ranges in size and 

 shape from a low, rather erect shrub, to a conical tree 90 ft. high. 

 Leaves of two kinds, those on the rapidly growing shoots awl-shaped 

 and pointed, those on the shortest twigs scale-shaped, obtuse, or 

 nearly so, and closely appressed to the stem. Fruit small, bluish, 

 with a white bloom. Found all the way from British America to 

 Florida. Wood soft, fragrant, reddish, exceedingly durable in the 

 ground, valued for the manufacture of moth-proof chests and espe- 

 cially for lead pencils. 



