62 KEY AND FLORA 



sparingly cut-toothed. Cup top-shaped, with coarse scales, inclosing 

 about half the nearly round acorn. Common in dry woods. Foliage 

 quite variable in outline and lobing ; bark valuable for tanning.* 



11. Q. nigra L. Black-Jack Oak. A small tree ; leaves obovate, 

 usually with three rounded lobes at the apex, the lobes bristle-pointed, 

 rounded, or slightly cordate at the base, rusty-pubescent beneath, 

 shining above, coriaceous, short-petioled ; cup top-shaped, short- 

 peduncled, with coarse and truncate scales, inclosing about one 

 third of the oblong-ovate acorn. An almost worthless tree, its 

 presence indicating a thin and sterile soil.* 



12. Q. phellos L. Willow Oak. A tree of medium size, leaves 

 lanceolate or elliptical, scurfy when young and becoming smooth 

 with age, very short-petioled ; cup shallow, sessile ; acorn subgiobose. 

 Wet soil. Often planted for shade.* 



19. ULMACE^. Elm Family 



Trees or shrubs with watery juice ; alternate, simple, petio- 

 late, serrate, stipulate leaves, which are usually 2-ranked ; and 

 small, bisexual, or somewhat monoecious, apetalous flowers. 

 Calyx of 3-9 sepals, which are distinct or partly united ; 

 stamens as many as the sepals and opposite them. Ovary 

 1-2-celled; styles 2, spreading. Fruit a key, nut, or drupe. ''^ 



I. ULMUS L. 



Trees with straight-veined, unsymmetrical, doubly serrate 

 leaves ; stipules early deciduous. Flowers bisexual ; calyx 

 bell-shaped, 4-9-cleft. Stamens slender, protruding. Ovary 

 compressed ; styles 2, spreading. Fruit membranaceous, flat, 

 winged on the edge.* 



1. U. fulva Michx. Slippery Elm. A tree of medium size, with 

 rough, downy twigs, and rusty, densely woolly bud scales. Leaves 

 large, thick, very rough above, downy beneath, ovate or obovate, taper- 

 pointed at the apex, unsymmetrical, obtuse or somewhat cordate at 

 the base, coarsely and doubly serrate ; calyx lobes and pedicels downy. 

 Fruit broadly oval, downy over the seed, the wing smooth. Inner 

 bark very fragrant when dried, and a popular domestic remedy.* 



2. U. campestris L. English Elm. A large tree, with short, 

 rather upright or ascending branches. Leaves not bilaterally sym- 

 metrical, oval, acute or sometimes a little taper-pointed, doubly 



