DOGWOOD FAMILY 175 



involucre. Calyx teeth wanting. Fruit oval, very flat, witli a 

 thin wing; oil tubes single, running the whole length. 



1. P. sativa L. Common Parsnip. Cultivated from Europe for 

 its large, conical, sweet and edible roots. Also introduced in waste 

 places. 



X. HERACLEUM L. 



A stout perennial, with the very large leaves compound in 

 threes. Umbels large, compound, with the involucels many- 

 leaved. Petals white, inversely heart-shaped, the outer ones 

 usually 2-cleft and larger. Calyx with 5 small teeth. Fruit 

 tipped with a thick, conical enlargement of the style, with 

 three blunt ribs on the outer surface of each carpel and a large 

 oil tube in each interval between the ribs. Seeds flat. 



1. H. lanatum ]\Iichx. Cow Parsnip. Stem grooved and woolly, 

 4-8 ft. high. Leaflets petioled, broad, deeply and irregularly toothed. 



XI. DAUCUS L. 



Annual or biennial, bristly-hairy herbs. Leaves pinnately 

 twice or more compound, the divisions slender. Umbels com- 

 pound, many-rayed. Flowers small, white. Calyx teeth slen- 

 der or wanting. Petals notched, the point bent inward, often 

 unequal. Fruit ovoid or ellipsoid, with rows of spines. 



1. D. Carota L. Common Carrot. Erect, 1-3 ft. high, with a 

 conical, fleshy, orange-colored root. Lower and basal leaves 2-3- 

 pinnate. Central flower of each umbel and sometimes of each um- 

 bellet larger and very dark purple, with the corolla irregular. Cul- 

 tivated from Euroi)e for the edible roots; also introduced in pastures 

 and meadows and along roadsides E. 



74. CORNACE^. Dogwood Family 



Shrubs or trees, rarely herbs. Leaves opposite or alternate, 

 without stipules. Flowers small, actinomorphic, variously 

 clustered. Limb of the calyx epigynous, very short. Petals 

 4-5, borne on the margin of a disk on top of the ovary. 

 Stamens 4-5, inserted with the petals. Ovary 1-4-celled, with 

 one ovule in each cell ; style 1. Fruit (in our species) a 1-2- 

 celled and 1-2-seeded drupe. 



