208 KEY AND FLORA 



somewhat 2-lipped. Stamens 4 (2 long and 2 short), rarely 

 only 2, included. Ovary 2-4-celled, 2-4-ovuled ; style slen- 

 der, 2-lobed. Fruit 2-4 smooth or roughened, 1-seeded nut- 

 lets. [Several of the commonest species are tall, coarse herbs, 

 which blossom too late for school study.]* 



1. V. officinalis L. European Vervain. Annual; stem erect, 

 slender, nearly or quite smooth, branching, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves 

 ovate to obovate in outline, pinnately lobed or divided, narrowed and 

 entire toward the base, downy beneath ; petioles margined. Spikes 

 several, very slender; flowers small, purple; bracts shorter than the 

 calyx. In fields and waste places. Naturalized from Europe.* 



2. V. angustifolia Michx. Narrow-Leaved Vervain. Peren- 

 nial, rough-hairy ; stem simple, or branched below, from a creeping 

 base, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate to spatulate, obtuse and toothed 

 at the apex, tapering to a sessile base. Spike peduncled, slender, 

 close-flowered; bracts about the length of the calyx. Corolla purple, 

 tube slightly curved, i in. long. In dry, open woods.* 



3. V.bracteosa Michx. Perennial ; widely spreading or decumbent, 

 hairy; stems 6-15 in. long, 4-sided, branching from the base. Leaves 

 wedge-lanceolate, 3-cleft or pinnately cut, short-petioled. Spikes ses- 

 sile, stout, with large bracts, the lower ones pinnately cut and longer 

 than the flowers. Flowers small, purple. On prairies and waste ground. 



4. V. bipinnatifida Nutt. Perennial; plant rough-hairy, producing 

 suckers, erect, 6-18 in. high. Leaves with petioles, or the upper ones 

 sessile, once or twice pinnately parted into oblong or linear divisions. 

 Spikes stout, dense and solitary at the ends of the branches ; bracts 

 usually longer than the calyx. Corolla bluish-purple or lilac, less 

 than i in. in diameter. Dry plains and prairies W. and S. 



5. V. canadensis Britton, Wild Verbena. A slender-stemmed, 

 somewhat reclining annual, 1 ft. or less in height. Leaves ovate or 

 nearly so, wedge-shaped at the base, lobed and toothed or 3-cleft. 

 Flowers showy, reddish-purple or lilac (seldom white), in a peduncled 

 spike. Calyx teeth as long as or longer than the bracts. Corolla very 

 slightly bearded in the throat. In dry prairie soil and open woods ; 

 also cultivated. [Other somewhat similar cultivated species are from 

 Brazil.] 



II. CALLICARPA L. 



Shrubs. Leaves simple, petioled, opposite or whorled, glan- 

 dular-dotted. Flowers in axillary cymes. Calyx 4-toothed or 

 entire. Corolla funnelform, 4-cleft, actinomorphic. Stamens 

 4, equal, projecting. Ovary 4-ovuled ; style slender; stigma 

 knobbed. Fruit a 1-4-seeded berry.* 



