40 SYSTEMATIC POMOLOGY 



core does not point directly upward. York 

 Imperial is a striking illustration of this 

 oblique form. 



In studying the form of an apple or pear 

 the horizontal section should next be con- 

 sidered. An apple is regular if the horizontal 

 section shows a circle, or practically a circle. 

 Conversely it is irregular if the horizontal 

 section departs materially from the circular 

 form. In certain varieties this departure is 

 very definite, usually toward a more or less 

 distinctly five-angled form. Such an apple is 

 said to be ribbed or five-angled (Fig. 10). The 

 pomologist must use his judgment as to which 

 of these terms best fits the specimens in hand. 



The size of the fruit is next considered. 

 Evidently no very fine distinctions can be 

 made in this matter. Some apples or pears 

 are comparatively large, others usually rather 

 small, and such common terms as small, 

 medium, large, or very large must be depended 

 on in nearly all cases. Nevertheless, it is 

 usually best, in spite of the great variations in 

 size which occur in any given variety, to enter 

 in the descriptive blank exact measurements 

 of the specimen which is under description. 

 In doing this it is the practice of the writer to 



