102 SYSTEMATIC POMOLOGY 



Pippin is applied to the Ortley apple, and to 

 Grimes' Golden, and sometimes to other 

 varieties. 



There are two ways, theoretically at least, 

 of settling such difficulties. The first is by 

 authority, the second is by some code of rules. 

 Not so very many years ago the former method 

 was relied on, even in this country. Andrew 

 Jackson Downing and Charles Downing, dur- 

 ing their lifetime, stood so high among pomol- 

 ogists, and had the actual work of systematic 

 pomology so much in their own hands, that 

 their judgment was often accepted as final. So 

 was the judgment of Dr. Warder among his 

 associates. In the same way, but in a lesser 

 degree, has the judgment of Professor Budd, 

 Professor Bailey, and other pomologists, been 

 accepted by those who believed them compe- 

 tent to settle such questions. But the circle 

 of men who could be thus satisfied with the 

 arbitrary decision of any one pomologist has 

 grown relatively smaller year by year. Our 

 country is now so large that one man can not 

 understand nor control it all in any matter of 

 a scientific sort. In one state one authority 

 might be followed, but in another some other 

 pomological dictator would be preferred ; and 



