118 SYSTEMATIC POMOLOGY 



be advantageously followed in bulletins, trade 

 catalogs, etc. As a matter of fact, a consider- 

 able number of recent publications have fol- 

 lowed substantially these forms. 



Such citations as those here exemplified 

 are practically necessary in working up the 

 synonomy of any group of varieties, and in 

 determining what are the correct names. Al- 

 most exactly the same method is used in 

 botany, zoology, and all related sciences. An 

 example from botanical practice will make the 

 whole matter clearer. If, for instance, a bot- 

 anist were looking up the nomenclature of 

 our common red oak, he would have to exam- 

 ine the following names and citations, among 

 many others : 



Quercus rubra, Linn., Spec. PL, ed. i, 2 : 996. 1753. 

 Quercus ambigua, Michx., Hist. Arb. Am. 2: 120. 1812. 

 Quercus coccinea ambigua, Gray, Man. Bot. N. U. S., 

 ed 5, 454. 1867. 



When it has been established that these 

 different names were really intended all for 

 the same species, the question turns only on 

 which one shall be used. This is determined 

 by the priority rule, similar to Rule 3 of the 

 pomological code. The oldest correct name 

 stands. The name Quercus rubra was given 



