BOOK XVIII. X. 50-53 



tumip autunui-sowing grains. In the class of wheat 

 one division consists of fodder sown for animals, such 

 as mixed feed, and the same also in the leguminous 

 plants, such as vetch ; but lupine is grown for the use 

 of animals and men in common. 



AU the leguminous plants except the bean have 

 a single root, whicli has a woody substance because 

 it is not divided into many branches ; the chick-pea 

 has the deepest root. Corn has a number of fibrous 

 roots without ramifications. Barley bursts out of the 

 ground seven days " after it is first sown, leguminous 

 plants on the fourth day, or at latest the seventh, 

 beans from fifteen to twenty days ; in Egypt legu- 

 niinous plants emerge on the third day. In barley 

 one end of the grain sends out a root and the other 

 a blade, wliich flowers before the other corn ; and 

 the root shoots out from the thicker end of the grain 

 and the fiower from the thinner, whereas with all 

 other seeds both root and flower comc from the same 

 end. 



Corn is in the blade during winter ; in the spring 

 time corn of the winter variety shoots up into a stalk, 

 l)ut common and Itahan millets into a knotted hollow 

 straw, and sesame into a stalk hke fennel. The fruit 

 of all kinds of sown grain is either contained in ears, 

 as in the case of wheat and barley, and is protected 

 against birds and small animals by a fence of beard, 

 or is enclosed in pods, as with leguminous plants, 

 or in capsules, as with sesame and poppy. Both 

 millets are accessible also to small birds, in what can 

 iinly be called joint ownership with the grower, 

 iiiasmuch as they are contained in thin skins, leaving 

 them unprotected. Panic, named from its panicles /taiian 

 or tufts, has a head that droops languidly and a '"'"^'- 



223 



