BOOK XXVI. xLv. 71-XLV1. 73 



XLV. The seventh kind is surnamed dendi'oides, 

 and is called by some eobios, and by others lepto- 

 phyllos. It grows among rocks, and is the most 

 thickly headed of all the kinds. It has very large," 

 reddish stems, and an abundance of seed. The 

 properties are the same as those of characias. 



XLVI. Apios ischas or raphanos agria spreads out ^vios ischas. 

 on the ground two or three rush-like stalks of a 

 reddish colour with leaves Uke those of rue. The 

 root is Uke that of an onion, but bigger, and this is the 

 reason why some call it the wild radish. Inside it 

 has a white pap, outside, dark skins. It grows in 

 rough, hiUy spots, sometimes also in grass land. 

 Dug up in spring, it is pounded and immersed in an 

 earthen vessel.'' After throwing away what floats 

 on the surface they use the juice that remains as a 

 purge and emetic, the dose being an obolus and a 

 half in hydromel. Prepared after this fashion a dose 

 of an acetabulum is also given for dropsy. The dried 

 root powdered is also sprinkled in a draught. They 



going with cmdiculis except the participle rubentibus. 

 Dioscorides is not of much help; he says (IV, 164, 9) : o Se eV 

 Tois Trirpais (f>v6fi€vo';, BevSpoeiSrjs 8e KaXovfxevos, d/x^iAa^i7? 

 dvwOev Kai TToXvKOfios, onov jxeoTos, vnepvOpos tovs KXdSovs. 



^ Theophrastus does not help us in deciding the meaning 

 of mergitur and supernatat, but Dioscorides is suggestive. His 

 words are (IV, 175) : omaai Se ^ovXTfOels KOTne Tas pil,as koI 

 ^aXojv els KpaTTjplav vSaTos avvrdpaTTe, koI tov e<f>LaTdp.evov 

 OTTOV TTTepu) avaXeyiov ^rjpaive- tovtov Tpia rjfiiwPoXLa TroOeirra 

 dvoi Kal KdToi KadaipeL. In Pliny we have " immersed in an 

 earthen vessel," in Dioscorides " throw into a bowl of water 

 and stir." In Pliny again the floating part is thrown away 

 and the remainder used; in Dioscorides (unless, unnaturaUy, 

 ^Tjpatve governs pi^as) it is collected, dried and used. Did 

 Pliny follow a different account or did he read ciTro^aAajj' where 

 now is read draAeyojv ? 



