BOOK XXXV. XXI. 38-xxv. 41 



shown to be present if when it is applied with water 

 it immediately dries up. 



XXII. According to Juba sandarach or realgar 

 and ochre are products of the island of Topazus ° in 

 the Red Sea, but they are not imported from those 

 parts to us. We have stated the method of making xxxiv, 

 sandarach. An adulterated sandarach is also made ^^^* 

 from ceruse boiled in a furnace. It ought to be 

 fiame-coloured. Its price is 5 asses per Ib. 



XXIII. If ceruse is mixed with red ochre in equal 

 quantities and burnt, it produces sandyx or ver- 

 mihon — though it is true that I observe Virgil held 

 the view that sandyx is a plant, from the Une : 



Sandyx self-grown shall clothe the pasturing 

 lambs.^ 



Its cost per Ib. is half that of sandarach. No other 

 colours weigh heavier than these. 



XXIV. Among the artificial colours is also Syrian 

 colour, which as we said is used as an undercoating 

 for cinnabar and red lead. It is made by mixing 

 sinopis and sandyx together. 



XXV. Black pigment will also be classed among niack 

 the artificial colours, although it ^ is also derived vwnents. 

 from earth in two ways ; it either exudes from the 

 earth Hke the brine in salt pits, or actual earth of a 

 sulphur colour is approved for the purpose. 

 Painters have been known to dig up charred remains 



from graves thus violated to supply it. All these 

 plans are troublesome and new-fangled ; for black 

 paint can be made in a variety of ways from the soot 

 produced by burning resin or pitch, owing to which 



" For this mineral shoemaker'8 black, see XXXIV, 112, 123. 

 The other blacks which follow are mostly composed of carbon. 



291 



