BOOK XXXV. XXXIV. 57-xxxv. 59 



established had the employment ot colour now 

 become and such perfection of art had been attained 

 that he is said to have introduced actual ^ portraits 

 of the generals who commanded in that battle, 

 Miltiades, Callimachus and Cynaegirus on the 

 Athenian side and Datis and Artaphernes on that 

 of the barbarians. XXXV. Nay more, during the 

 time that Panaenus flourished competitions in 

 painting were actually instituted at Corinth and at 

 Delphi, and on the first occasion of all Panaenus 

 competed against Timagoras of Chalcis, being 

 defeated by him, at the Pythian Games, a fact 

 clearly shown by an ancient poem of Timagoras 

 himself, the chronicles undoubtedly being in error. 



After those and before the 90th Olympiad there 420-417 b.c. 

 were other celebrated painters also, such as 

 Polygnotus of Thasos who first represented women Poiygnouts, 

 in transparent draperies and showed their heads "'"^ ^*con. 

 covered with a parti-coloured headdress ; and he 

 first contributed many improvements to the art of 

 painting, as he introduced showing the mouth wide 

 open and displaying the teeth and giving expression 

 to the countenance in place of the primitive rigidity. 

 There is a picture by this artist in the Portico of 

 Pompeius which formerly hung in front of the Curia 

 which he built, in which it is doubtful whether the 

 figure of a man with a shield is painted as going up 

 or as coming down. Polygnotus painted the temple ^ 

 at Delphi and the colonnade at Athens called the 

 Painted Portico, doing his work gratuitously, 

 although a part of the work was painted by Micon 

 who received a fee.^ Indeed Polygnotus was held 

 in higher esteem, as the Amphictyones, who are a 

 General Council of Greece, voted him entertainment 



