BOOK XXXV. XXXVI. 65-68 



be drawn and the picture displayed ; and when he 

 realized his mistake, with a modesty that did him 

 honour he yielded up the prize, saying that whercas 

 he had deceived birds Parrhasius had deceived hini, 

 an artist, It is said that Zeuxis also subsequently 

 painted a Child Carrying Grapes, and when birds 

 flew to the fruit with the same frankness as before 

 he strode up to the picture in anger with it and said, 

 ' I have painted the grapes better than the child, as 

 if I had made a success of that as well, the birds 

 would inevitably have been afraid of it.' He also 

 executed w'orks in clay, the only works of art that 

 were left at Ambracia when Fulvius Nobilior removed iso b.c. 

 the statues of the Muses from that place to Rome. 

 There is at Rome a Helena ^ by Zeuxis in the 

 Porticoes of Philippus, and a Marsyas Bound, in the 

 Shrine of Concord. 



Parrhasius also, a native of Ephesus, contributed Parrha^iu.i 

 much to painting. He was the first to give proportions 

 to painting and the first to give vivacity to the 

 expression of the countenance, elegance of the hair 

 and beauty of the mouth ; indeed it is admitted by 

 artists that he won the palm in the drawing of 

 outHnes. This in painting is the high-water mark 

 of refinement ; to paint bulk and the surface within 

 the outlines, though no doubt a great achieve- 

 ment, is one in which many have won distinction, 

 but to give the contour of the figures, and make a 

 satisfactory boundary where the painting within 

 finishes, is rarely attained in successful artistry. 

 For the contour ought to round itself off and so 

 terminate as to suggest the presence of other parts 

 behind it also, and disclose even what it hides. 

 This is the distinction conceded to Parrhasius by 



