HOW TO KNOW THE INSECTS 



631 



COCOON AND CHRYSALIS OF THE FALE 

 TUSSOCK MOTH. 



nating amongst moths ; more 

 often the caterpillars emerge from 

 the eggs and feed for a little time 

 during the autumn, then hide 

 among leaves for the winter. 

 This method is adopted by the 

 larva of the Drinker ^loth (p. 45), 

 and also by the " woolly bear." 



On page 6^0 some of the latter 



they 

 and 



food 

 the 



caterpillars are shown as 

 appear just before winter, 

 while on their favourite 

 plant, the white dead-nettle 

 full-grown larx'c'e were illustrated 

 on page 48. The Narrow-bordered 

 Five-Spot Burnet Moth (illustrated 

 p. 258) behaves very similarly. 

 The quaint stick-like caterpillars 

 of the Swallow-tail Moth (illus- 

 trated p. 50) also spend the winter 

 as larvae, but they are usually 

 about half grown before winter 

 commences, hiding away in 

 sheltered comers amongst the bark 

 and branches, and trusting for 

 protection to their close simula- 

 tion of their surroundings. 



The Cinnabar Moth, whose 

 larvaj were illustrated on page 259. 

 is during winter a brown chrvsalis 

 resting amongst the grass near the 

 surface of the ground. The Buff- 



tip Moth (shown p. 215) may be found 

 also in similar situations, but generally 

 amongst fallen leaves ; as its chrysalis is 

 ([uite bare, it is often exposed when wind 

 or other agencies have disturbed the 

 leaves. The chrysalides are especially 

 abundant round the base of elm trees. 



Then there is the Pale Tussock ]\Ioth, 

 whose emergence from the chrysalis was 

 illustrated on page 73. On this page a 

 still earlier stage is shown, as the insect 

 appeared before winter. Late in Sep-; 

 tember the caterpillar attaches together 

 one or two oak leaves, and then ])ro- 

 ceeds to denude itself of the tufts of 

 hairs that clothe its body. With the 

 hairs it weaves a kind of warm and thick 

 felt, which serves to protect it both from 

 cold and wet and also from its enemies 

 when it becomes a chrysalis. In the 

 illustration I have removed the chrvsalis 

 from the cocoon to ex'hibit its form ; the 

 chrysalis itself is slightly hairy. So in 

 the chrysalis stage, the moth waits until 



BUFF ERMINE MOTH. 

 With cocoons and chrysalides. 



