b NATURE STUDY 



fourth year pupils, and the same amount of time divided 

 into periods of varying length, according to the kind of 

 work, the time of day, and the temper of the children 

 for first and second year pupils. 



This does not include the supplementary reading, 

 drawing, and language, but it does include the very neces- 

 sary short excursions. 



Material for Study: 



Although the teacher may recognize the value of indi- 

 vidual work, she may sometimes find it difficult to pro- 

 cure material in sufficient quantity to give a portion of it 

 to each pupil in the class. In such cases, I have found 

 that the lack is in a measure supplied by distributing 

 to the class hektograph drawings of such animals and 

 plants as could not be gathered in abundance. To help 

 other teachers to do the same, this volume has been illus- 

 trated with simple, yet rather detailed drawings which 

 admit of reproduction in this way. 



As a proof of the practicability of easily gathering 

 material for the lessons I should like to say that, of the 

 subjects given in the index of this little volume, nearly 

 all the trees, all of the stones and many more, many of 

 the plants, and most of the animals were found within 

 four squares of a well-built-up portion of Philadelphia. 

 There may not be the same variety of material in every 

 city street, but there will be, probably, enough for a 

 year's study, if the will to fiud it and the desire to 

 use it exist. As for the phenomena of weather — the 

 winds, the clouds, rain, snow, hail, dew, their various 

 causes and effects — a whole world of interest and beauty 

 — what locality is so poor as not to be rich in weather ! 



In point of fact its economy is a strong argument in 



