193 
Field Marks. The above marks are easily recognizable in life. The black throa} 
somewhat suggests the Chickadee but the other marks make it easy to separate them. 
Nesting. On ground or in bushy fields or second growth in nest much like that of 
Blue-winged Warbler. 
Distribution. Eastern United States; regularly crossing our borders only in southern 
Ontario along lake Erie and the lower corner of lake Huron. 
Usually found in shrubby wastes or the bushy edges of woodland. 
To be expected only in southern Ontario. 
645. Nashville Warbler. FR.—LA FAUVETTE DE NASHVILLE. Vermivora rub- 
ricapilla. L, 4-77. A yellow and green warbler with a greyish head and a more or less 
concealed chestnut. crown patch. Sex, season, and age plumages varying only in intensity 
of yellow and the amount of chestnut in cap. In females the cap may be entirely concealed 
by the grey edgings of the feathers and occasionally it may be altogether absent. 
Distinctions. The unmarked green above and yellow all below to tail, but brightest 
on throat and breast; and the grey or greyish head and cheeks are distinctive. This greyish 
head and hind neck may not be marked but is always present as a slight differentiation 
from the green back. When present the chestnut crown (not orange-rufous as in the 
Orange-crowned Warbler) is an unmistakable specific character. 
Field Marks. Bright yellow, unstreaked underparts and grey head and cheeks. 
Nesting. On ground in partial clearings or tree grown pastures in nest of grasses and 
moss lined with finer grasses and fine rootlets. 
Distribution. Eastern North America. In Canada north to beyond the settlements. 
The Eastern Nashville Warbler extends west to near the mountains. 
SUBSPECIES. The Nashville Warbler is divided into the Eastern Nashville, the 
type form, V. r. rubicapilla, and an extreme western one the Calaveras Warbler. 
This warbler is most likely to be found in open shrubbery and the 
small growth that lines.country roads. 
646. Orange-crowned Warbler. FR.—LA FAUVETTE A COURONNE ORANGEE. Ver- 
mivora celata. L, 5. A dull yellowish, grey-green warbler with a concealed orange-rufous 
crown-patch. Very little sexual difference. Immatures are without the crown spot and 
the brightness of the yellow below is reduced to almost the colour of the back. 
Distinctions. Similar to the Nashville but without the grey or greyish on the head. 
The crown spot when present is still more concealed than that of the Nashville and often 
entirely hidden until the feathers are separated to show their coloured bases. The yellow 
throat is duller than in the Nashville. The juvenile bird is an almost evenly greyish green 
bird with faint suggestions of ashy to it and rather similar to the immature Tennessee but 
without the faint light eyebrow line ; it is more evenly coloured, and without any suggestion 
of white below. 
Field Marks. Like a very dull coloured Nashville Warbler or a juvenile Tennessee 
without the faint eyebrow line. 
Nesting. On or near the ground in nest of leaves and fine grasses. 
Distribution. Central and western America. The Interior Orange-crown breeds from 
Alaska to Manitoba and is only a migrant through eastern Canada. 
SUBSPECIES. The species is divided into three subspecies. The Interior Orange- 
crown JV. c. celata, the type form, ranges west to the mountains. 
One of the rarest of the regular Eastern Canadian Warblers. Eyesight 
alone is hardly reliable for records in eastern Canada. 
647. Tennessee Warbler. FR.—LA FAUVETTE DU TENNESSER. Vermivora peregrina, 
L, 5. Back of male green, underparts nearly pure white. Head and hind neck ash-grey, 
suffusing on cheeks. White eyebrow line and suggestion of dark line through eye. Females 
and juveniles have-the grey head and hind neck replaced by the green of the back which 
suffuses more or less as dull yellow or greenish yellow over breast and underparts. The 
eyebrow line is always visible as a lighter coloration of the green. 
Distinctions. The general green and white coloration and light eyebrow line are the 
best distinctions in any plumage. 
Field Marks. General coloration as above, with light eyebrow line and without wing- 
pone fal patches, or the whitish spot at base of primaries of the Black-throated Blue 
arbler. 
