195 
Distinctions. The Yellow Warbler is apt to be confused with few other species. 
Its tail, with yellow on the inner vanes of the feathers, will distinguish it from all other 
evenly yellow or green species. 
Field Marks. The even and uniform bright yellow of spring birds is unmistakable. 
Some dull females are more green than yellow but the green-edged wings and yellow 
tail, lack of colour contrasts, size, and actions of the bird are easily recognized. 
Nesting. In an upright crotch in bushes and small trees in nest of fine fibres and a 
large amount of plant down, lined with plant down and sometimes long hairs. 
The Yellow Warbler is one of the few species that sometimes refuses to incubate 
Cowbird’s eggs. Instead of throwing out the intruding egg, however, it builds a new 
nest over the old one, burying it and its entire contents, including often some of its own 
eggs, in the foundation of the new structure, in which another set of eggs is deposited. 
Distribution. Nearly all of North America. The Eastern Yellow Warbler inhabits 
all of Canada except the Pacific slope. 
SUBSPECIES. The Yellow Warbler is divided into four subspecies; the Eastern 
Yellow Warbler D. gestiva which occupies most of Canada, is the type of the species. 
This is the commonest breeding warbler in southern Canada. It shares 
with the Goldfinch the popular name of Wild Canary, but the lack of black 
will determine it at a glance. It is found in shrubby localities in open 
country or along stream or marsh edges. It is a common visitor to the 
garden and its cheery little song is very pleasing. In the autumn the 
Yellow Warbler is one of the first species to leave. Shortly after July 
it disappears and by mid-August only a few stragglers are left. It goes 
before many observers begin to think of autumn migrations and thus 
details of its autumn movements are difficult to get. 
654. Black-throated Blue Warbler. rr.—FAUVETTE BLEUE A GORGE NOIR. Den- 
droica cerulescens. L, 5-28. Plate XL B. 
_ Distinctions. The male, so descriptively named and strongly marked, is very dis- 
tinctive. The female, however, especially in autumn, is more difficult to distinguish, 
it may resemble either the juvenile of the Tennessee, the autumn Black-poll, or the 
Bay-breast. The streaked back and wing-bars, however, of the latter two are absent. 
They are darker and more greyish-green than the Tennessee above and more buffy below. 
An indistinct and partly concealed white or light spot at the base of the primaries is 
always diagnostic of females of this species. 
Field Marks. The male is distinctive. The female in any plumage can usually 
be recognized from all other evenly coloured dull green warblers by the sometimes very 
faint light spot at the base of the primaries, which shows far more conspicuously in life 
than would be expected. 
Distribution. Eastern North America, breeding in the north, south to the borders 
of civilization. 
SUBSPECIES. The black-throated Blue Warbler is divided into two subspecies 
of which we have only one in Canada, the type form D. c. cerulescens, the Northern 
Black-throated, though occasionally specimens closely approach the southern variety, 
Cairn’s Warbler D. c. cairnsi, in having a suggestion of black spots on the back. 
655. Myrtle Warbler. YELLOW-RUMPED WARBLER. FR.—LA FAUVETTE A CROUPION 
JAUNE. Dendroica coronata. L, 5-65. Plate XLIA. 
_ Distinctions. A very easily recognized species. All plumages have at least sugges- 
tions of the yellow crown, rump, and side marks. The juveniles are largely rusty brown 
above and have more or less of a wash of same colour across breast with the streaks only 
slightly indicated. 
Field Marks. The yellow rump is always distinct and bright and makes the most 
conspicuous field mark. Its presence and the side and crown marks of the same colour, 
eaeennts indistinct in autumn but always present, make reliable identification guides 
in life. 
_ Nesting. In coniferous trees 5 to 10 feet above the ground in nest of vegetable fibre 
lined with grasses. 
Distribution. Nearly all of North America north to tree limits. Breeding just beyond 
the dense settlements. 
