160 FIELDFARES REDWINGS. 



tinned to blow on through April and May, and 

 that these kinds of birds (what few remained of 

 them) did not depart as usual, but were seen 

 lingering about till the beginning of June. 



The best authority that we can have for the 

 modification of the birds above-mentioned in any 

 district, is the testimony of faunists that have 

 written professedly the natural history of particular 

 countries. Now, as to the fieldfare, Linnaeus, in 

 his Fauna Suecica, says of it, that " maximis 

 in arboribus nidificat;" and of the redwing he 

 says in the same place, that " nidificat in mediis 

 arbusculis, sive sepibus : ova sex cceruleo-viridia 

 maculis nigris variis. Hence we may be 

 assured that fieldfares and redwings breed in 

 Sweden. Scopoli says, in his Annus Primus, of 

 the woodcock, that " nupta ad nos venit circa 

 Gquinoctium vernale" meaning in Tyrol, of which 

 he is a native. And afterwards he adds, " nidi- 

 ficat in paludibus alpinis : ova ponit 3 5." It 

 does not appear from Kramer that woodcocks 

 breed at all in Austria ; but he says, " Avis 

 h&c septentrionalium provinciarum astivo tempore 

 incola est ; ubi plerumque nidificat. Appropin- 

 quante hyeme australiores provincias petit: hinc 

 circa plenilunium potissimum mensis Octobris 

 plerumque Austriam transmigrat. Tune rursus 

 circa plenilunium potissimum mensis Martii per 

 Austriam matrimonio juncta ad septentrionales 

 provincias redit." For the whole passage (which 

 I have abridged) see Elenchus, &c. p. 351. This 

 seems to be a full proof of the emigration of 

 woodcocks; though little is proved concerning 

 the place of their breeding *. 



1 Woodcocks arrive in Silesia about the latter end of 

 April, or beginning of May, and leave it again in October. 

 W. J. 



