VARIOUS THEORIES OF THE ORGANISM 31 



at all follow that a similar idea of purpose underlies morphogenesis, 

 even though the dynamic processes may be more or less similar in 

 both cases. The foundations from which purposive action arises 

 must be sought in the constitution of the world in general, but it 

 does not follow that purposive action is everywhere present. 



The various attempts made within recent years to interpret 

 the organism in terms of memory (Semon, '04), behavior (Schultz, 

 : io, '12), entelechy (Driesch, '08), or other more or less psycho- 

 logical or teleological terms, are interesting to every biologist, if 

 only as indications of a reaction from theories current a few years 

 ago, but they rather obscure than illuminate the problem. More- 

 over, purposive action and intelligence in various degrees of com- 

 plexity are all features of organic life, but any attempt to show 

 that they are fundamental or universal features is, to say the least, 

 premature and merely a matter of personal opinion. The close 

 association between complexity of structure and complexity of 

 behavior in organisms should lead us to search for terms common 

 to both, rather than to attempt to translate either into terms of 

 the other. 



REFERENCES 



BECHHOLD, H. 



1912. Die Colloide in Biologie und Medezin. Dresden. 

 BREDIG, G. 



1901. Anorganische Fermente. Leipzig. 

 CHILD, C. M. 



1911. "A Study of Senescence and Rejuvenescence Based on Experiments 



with Planarians," Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech., XXXI. 

 DRIESCH, H. 



1901. Die organischen Regulationen. Leipzig. 



1908. The Science and Philosophy of the Organism. London. 

 FREUNDLICH, H. 



1909. Kapillarchemie. Leipzig. 

 GRAHAM, T. 



1861. "Liquid Diffusion Applied to Analysis," Phil. Trans., CLI. 

 HOBER, R. 



1911. Physikalische Chemie der Zelle und der Gewebe. Dritte Auflage. 



Leipzig. 

 E.USTER, E. 



1913. liber Zonenbildung in kolloidalen Medien. Jena. 



