LEAVES AND BUDS. 149 



2. Mention the different forms which may be assumed by the 

 stipules of plants. Give one example of such, and state the special 

 use of the stipules in each case. 



3. How are the leaves arrayed on the twigs of a Horse Chestnut (or 

 a Sycamore) ? Point out any special adaptations which bring about 

 the full exposure of the leaves to the light. 



4. How would you distinguish a compound leaf (a) from a simple 

 leaf, (6) from a branch bearing leaves ? 



5. Mention some leaves which show movements. Of what use are 

 the movements to the plant ? 



6. How can you distinguish by the aid of bark, buds, and general 

 appearance between any six native British trees in winter ? 



7. Describe, with sketches, the stages seen in the opening of a Horse 

 Chestnut bud in spring. 



8. Why are the buds of Scots Pine called compound buds ? Describe 

 the structure and mode of opening of a Pine bud, giving sketches. 



9. Explain why one can tell how much a Pine branch has grown 

 each year. 



10. How can you tell the nature of the bud-scales in different trees ? 

 Give examples. 



11. How can you hasten the opening of buds? Which buds have yon 

 succeeded in getting to open before they would have opened out of 

 doors, and how long before in each case ? 



12. Describe, with sketches, the external appearance of a branch of 

 Sycamore or Horse Chestnut, explaining all the features shown. 



13. Explain how one can tell how much a Sycamore or Horse Chestnut 

 branch has grown each year. 



14. Describe a branch of Oak as seen in winter. Why do the buds 

 tend to be crowded at the tip of the branch ? 



15. Describe various ways in which the young leaves are protected 

 in the bud. Why are they usually folded up? Give examples and 

 sketches. 



16. What kind of plant produces Brussels Sprouts ? What are the 

 sprouts, and in what position do they stand on the parent plant ? 



17. Describe the buds of Larch, and the way in which they unfold. 



18. Why are Willows and Poplars "polled" or ''pollarded"? What 

 is the effect of this operation on the growth of the tree ? 



