240 



FLOWERS AND THEIR WORK. 



form two hard cases elytra covering the two soft hinder flying- 

 wings, mouth-parts adapted for biting only). However, books on 

 insect-study (Entomology) should be consulted ; note especially the 

 size of the insects, their habits and mode of life, and their mouth- 

 parts (whether biting or sucking, etc. ). 



266. Flowers adapted for Short-tongned Insects. 



Most flies and beetles have very short tongues, usually less 

 than 3 mm. long (about one-eighth inch), and are only able 



CALYX 



Fig. 86. A, Flower of a Saxifrage ; B, Flower of Chrysosplenium 

 (Golden Saxifrage). 



to lick honey which is freely exposed on the surface, as in 

 Ivy, Umbellifers, Dogwood (Cornus), Bedstraw, Goosegrass, 

 Golden Saxifrage (Fig. 86, B), or in flowers with a very short 



PETAL 



Fig. 87.- -A, Flower; B, Fruit of Enchanter's Nightshade. 



tube, e.g. Moschatel, Enchanter's Nightshade (Fig. 87), or in 

 various shallow open flowers, e.g. Saxifrages (Fig. 86, A), 

 Stonecrop. They can of course visit any shallow flowers, and 

 at least get pollen from honey less "pollen-flowers" Poppy 



