256 



FRUITS AND SEEDS. 



285. Aggregate Fruits may consist of a number of 

 follicles, as in Christmas Eose, Marsh Marigold, Monkshood, 

 etc., or of a number of akenes inserted on a convex receptacle, 

 as in Anemone or Strawberry, or inside a concave receptacle, 

 as in Eose, or they may consist of drupes on a convex recep- 

 tacle, as in the Blackberry or Easpberry. Notice in each 

 case whether the receptacle is dry or fleshy. 



Examine and sketch the fruits of Strawberry, Rose, Blackberry, 

 Raspberry, Buttercup, Columbine. 



B 



Fig. 95. A, Fruit of Fig cut in half vertically ; B, Fruit of Mulberry. 



286. Special Types. The fruits developed from a group 

 of flowers or dense inflorescence are often aggregated in 

 closely packed clusters, such as are formed by the fleshy red 

 berries of the Honeysuckle and by the clustered fruits of the 

 Mulberry, the perianths of whose flowers become fleshy and 

 enclose the carpels (Fig. 95, B). The Pineapple is a spike- 

 like inflorescence, in which the axis becomes fleshy during 

 ripening, and the individual fruits fuse together. The Hop 

 has an inflorescence consisting of an axis bearing mem- 

 branous scales, in the axil of each of which there are two 

 female flowers (Fig. 91) ; the scales are shed when ripe 

 with the fruits attached to them. The Fig is formed by 

 a hollow, pear-shaped capitulum bearing male and female 

 flowers, the "seeds" being really akenes (Fig. 95, A). 

 The Date is a berry, the hard stone being the seed. The 

 Banana is a berry which, owing to cultivation, does not 

 produce seeds. 



Examine, dissect, and sketch the fruits of Honeysuckle, Mulberry, 

 Pineapple, Hop, Fig, Banana, Date. 



