264 FBTJITS AND SEEDS. 



4. Mention two plants, each of which possesses a persistent calyx. 

 Fully describe the calyx, and explain its use to the plant in both 



5. Describe and compare the fruits of the Rose, Fig, Strawberry, 

 and Mulberry. 



6. Give instances of seeds or fruits which are dispersed (a) through 

 the agency of the wind, and (b) through the agency of animals. Of 

 what advantage is it to plants that their seeds should be thus 

 dispersed ? 



7. Describe examples of fruits or seeds which are dispersed by 

 water, pointing out any adaptations for this method of dispersal. 



8. Give an account of the various ways in which seeds are protected 

 during the period of ripening. 



9. Describe with the help of drawings five different devices by which 

 seeds are scattered. Describe any experiments you have made on the 

 scattering of seeds. 



10. Mention any fruits or seeds you know which are distributed by 

 the agency of animals. Describe the structures used in five cases. 

 Have you made any personal observations on such distribution ? 



11. Write a short account of the structure of the more common dry 

 dehiscent fruits, and explain how the seeds are scattered in those 

 examples which you describe. 



12. Describe examples of explosive fruits, and try to explain the 

 mechanism in each case. 



13. Describe the following fruits : Plum, Strawberry, Raspberry, 

 Apple, and Orange. What is the nature of the edible portion in each 



14. How are the seeds of Cherry, Field Geranium, and Pine or Birch 

 dispersed ? 



15 Describe in detail, with careful drawings, the parts of the plant 

 used in the distribution of seed, in four cases observed by yourself, in 

 which the seed is distributed by the agency of animals. How do the 

 fruits whose seeds are thus distributed differ from those distributed by 

 wind? 



16. How do you know that a Strawberry "pip 3 , 



Gooseberry "pip" is a seed? Mention any other "pips" you know, 

 with drawings of three cases showing the surrounding structures, - 

 say in each case whether the "pip" is a fruit or a seed. How 

 " pips " usually distributed ? 



and 

 are 



