THE BEAN FAMILY. 267 



(3) The conditions of growth as regards soil e.g. sand, clay, loam, 

 chalk, moistness or dryness of soil, presence or absence of humus. 



(4) The light-conditions whether deeply or partially shaded or in 

 full light. 



(5) The associated plants and their habits and adaptations. 



(6) The characters of the vegetative organs of the plant e.g. 

 methods for reaching light and air, for spreading by runners, etc. , for 

 perennating, storage of food, form and texture of stem and of leaf, 

 hairiness or smoothness, buds (structure, form of young leaves, unfold- 

 ing), arrangement of leaves, form of blade, lengths of leaf-stalks, 

 movements of young or adult leaves, abundance or scarcity of stomates 

 on upper and lower surfaces of leaf, methods by which young or adult 

 leaves are protected against excessive transpiration, etc., leaf-mosaics. 



(7) The characters of the reproductive organs (note any means of 

 vegetative propagation apart from the production of seeds) e.g. time 

 of flowering, colour, scent, honey, mechanisms for promoting cross- 

 pollination, kinds of insects seen visiting the flower if insect-pollinated, 

 adaptations for insect-visits or for wind-pollination, movements of 

 flower-parts or of flower-stalks and the reasons for the movements, 

 structure of flower (dissect, cut longitudinal section, and draw these 

 and also the ground-plan or "floral diagram " of the flower), stages in 

 development of fruit, growth of ovary-wall after fertilisation and any 

 changes in its texture and colour, growth of other parts (calyx, re- 

 ceptacle), structure of ripe fruit (sketch whole fruit and sections), time 

 when fruit ripens, number and size of seeds, proportion of seeds to 

 ovules, adaptations for seed-dispersal by birds or other animals, by 

 wind, by mechanisms for ejection ; whether the plants grow singly or 

 in colonies. 



For various special points in the biology of trees and shrubs see 

 Chapter XVI. Where small-type descriptions are enclosed in square 

 brackets [ ], it means that the plant is not a native of Britain. 



The following abbreviations are used in the Notes on Common 

 Plants in the succeeding Chapters : 



A, andrecium (stamens). K, calyx. 



alt., alternate. loc., loculus (of ovary). 



Brit., British Isles. -loc., locular. 



C, corolla. opp., opposite. 



cf., compare with. P, perianth. 



comp., compound. per., ,, 



cpl., carpel. rec., receptacle. 



cultd., cultivated. reg., regular. 



distd., distinguished. repd., represented. 



esp., especially. sta., stamen, stamens. 



exc., except. zygom., zygornorphic (irregular). 



flr., flower. 



.. 



infl., inflorescence. V hermaphrodite. 



