336 THE LOWER DICOTYLEDONS. 



cula) has long-stalked "radical" leaves with 5-lobed palmate blade, 

 erect flowering stems bearing only a few 3-lobed leaves below the infl. 

 (usually = 3 small terminal heads of flrs. and below these branches each 

 bearing 3 small heads), K-teeth nearly as large as petals, stamens and 

 stigmas long, fruits covered with hooks for animal dispersal. Sea 

 Holly (Eryngium), on sandy shores, has spiny leaves covered with 

 bloom and globular heads of blue flrs. Samphire (Crithmum), on 

 rocks by the sea, has each leaf divided into stiff thick fleshy lobes, 

 and flat-topped umbels of greenish-yellow flrs. 



In all the other Umbellifers commonly found in Britain, the leaves 

 are pinnately divided, often very much like fern leaves, and the 

 umbels are nearly always compound. 



QUESTIONS ON CHAPTER XIII. 



1. How does the Little Celandine hibernate, and at the same time 

 multiply apart from seed-production ? 



2. Describe, with sketch, the appearance of a Little Celandine plant 

 when its leaves first appear (end of January or in February). 



3. Describe the flower of Little Celandine and compare it with that 

 of an ordinary Buttercup. What property has the Celandine flower 

 that is not possessed by a Buttercup flower, and why ? 



4. Describe, from your own observations, the movements shown by 

 the flower and the flower -stalk of Little Celandine. 



5. Name the three commonest English species of Buttercup. 

 Describe any one of them as fully as possible, and point out exactly 

 the characters in which the other two differ from it and from one 

 another. How do they differ as regards the situations in which they 

 usually grow, and the time of year in which they flower most freely ? 



6. Describe the adaptations which the flowers of Celandine, Butter- 

 cups, and Water Crowfoot have for securing pollination. Which of 

 these will be likely to receive most insect- visits, and why ? Which 

 will get fewest visitors, and why ? 



7. Describe a Water Crowfoot and compare it with an ordinary 

 Buttercup. 



8. Describe the adaptations shown by a water plant, with floating 

 leaves or submerged leaves or both kinds, to its mode of life. 



9. Why are aquatic Flowering Plants believed to have descended 

 from land plants ? 



