THE LOWER DICOTYLEDONS. 



337 



10. Describe and compare the leaves, flowers, fruits, and mode of 

 life of Marsh Marigold and Little Celandine. Why are the yellow 

 leaves of the flower of Marsh Marigold regarded as being sepals and 

 not petals? 



11. Describe the flowers and fruits of Clematis, and point out the 

 resemblances and differences between this plant and a Buttercup. By 

 what organs does Clematis climb? In what respects does Clematis 

 differ from the other British members of the Buttercup family ? 



12. Describe the flowers of Larkspur and Monkshood, and compare 

 them with a Buttercup flower. 



13. Distinguish between a species, a variety, a natural order, and a 

 genus, illustrating your answer by reference to three examples of 

 each. Can you exhibit the relations of the four in a diagrammatic 

 form? 



14. Describe^ with drawings, the appearance and structure (not 

 microscopical) of the fruits of five different members of the Ranuncu- 

 laceae ; and also of any five of the following seeds : Maize, Bean, 

 Almond, Castor Oil, Pine, Sunflower, Gourd. 



15. Describe the typical inflorescence of caryophyllaceae. In what 

 other families does a similar inflorescence occur, and how would you 

 distinguish their flowers from those of Caryophyllaceae ? 



16. Give an account of the vegetative organs of the Caryophyllaceae 

 (excluding flowers and fruits), noting any adaptations to special 

 habitats. 



17. Which members of the Caryophyllaceae grow in (a) hedges, 

 (b) woods, (c) cornfields, (d) seaside localities, (e) sandy soil away from 

 the sea ? 



18. Write an account of the structure and mode of pollination of the 

 flowers in the British Caryophyllaceae. 



19. Describe the typical fruit of Caryophyllaceae. In what other 

 family does a similar fruit occur, and how is it distinguished from 

 Caryophyllaceae ? 



20. Describe fully the carpels of the Pea and of the Wallflower, and 

 state the uses of the various parts. 



21. Describe the flower structure and pollination of Wallflower, 

 with sketches. 



22. Describe the parts of the plant which are eaten in the following : 

 Turnip, Cabbage, Brussels Sprouts, Cauliflower, Sea Kale, Radish, 

 Mustard, Watercress, Common Cress, Horse Radish, Kohl-rabi. 



23. Describe the Cruciferae which grow at the sea-coast. How do 

 they differ from most plants which grow inland ? 



s. B. 22 



