THE HIGHER DICOTYLEDONS. 365 



The five stamens have fairly long filaments, inserted on the 

 corolla-tube, and long narrow anthers, each attached at the 

 middle to the filaments, i.e. the anthers are versatile. The 

 stamens reach just beyond the mouth of the tube, but the 

 style is longer and ends in a spherical stigma. 



The flowers are specially adapted for pollination by moths 

 with long tongues, e.g. the hawk-moths. Each remains open 

 and in a state of readiness for pollination for two days. 

 During the first day the anthers split so as to be ready to 

 shed the pollen, then the flower moves into the horizontal 

 position, and towards evening the corolla, whose tube is now 

 about half filled with honey, opens and the style, projecting 

 beyond the anthers, is at first bent downwards, so that an 

 entering moth rubs against the anthers. If the evening is 

 warm and calm so many moths may visit the flower, attracted 

 by its whiteness and heavy perfume, that the whole of the 

 pollen may be removed. Next day, the style moves up so as 

 to become horizontal, the withered stamens bend down, and 

 by evening the flower, which has become yellow, is in its 

 female stage, so that an entering moth rubs against the 

 stigma and brings pollen from another flower. 



If the first evening has been windy, wet, or cool, so that 

 no moths have come, the flower may be visited next day by 

 bees and flies which carry away pollen though they cannot 

 reach the honey, and on visiting younger flowers may bring 

 about cross-pollination. 



The fruit is a red berry, containing a few seeds or only one. 



367. The Honeysuckle Family (Caprifoliaceae) is a 

 small one, consisting of 11 genera of shrubs and trees, witn 

 the exception of the Moschatel, which is now usually set apart 

 in a special family by itself. All have decussate leaves, flowers 

 in cymes, flower-parts in fives (except the pistil in most 

 cases), ovary inferior, fruit usually a berry or drupe, seed 

 endospermic. 



368. Flower Mechanisms in Caprifoliaceae. This 

 small family shows some interesting mechanisms, that of 

 Honeysuckle, already dealt with, being the most remarkable. 



The flowers of Elder and the Viburnums have a short 

 corolla-tube and are visited by flies as well as bees. These 



