412 



TREES AND SHRUBS. 



30. Describe the fruit of Alder. In what respect do the fruiting 

 catkins of Alder differ from those of other catkin-bearing trees ? How 

 could you distinguish an Alder "cone" from a Pine cone? Give 

 sketches. 



31. Describe the appearance of a Hazel in winter. How can you tell 

 the Hazel (a) by its twigs and buds alone, (b) by its leaves alone, 

 (c) by its fruits? Give sketches. 



32. Describe the male and female catkins and flowers of Hazel. Give 

 sketches. 



33. Describe the appearance of a Birch in winter. How can you tell 

 a Birch easily from a distance (a) in winter, (b) in summer? Why is 

 the Birch called a " light-loving" tree? 



34. Describe the catkins and flowers of Birch. Which kind of catkin 

 can be seen on the tree during the winter ? Give sketches. 



35. Describe the ripe fruiting catkin of Birch. How are the fruits 

 dispersed ? Give sketches. 



36. How can you tell an Oak in winter by its twigs and buds ? Give 

 sketches. Why are the buds crowded at the tips of the twigs ? 



37. Describe the catkins and flowers of Oak. When do the catkins 

 first appear? Compare Oak with Birch, Hazel, and Alder in this 

 respect. Give sketches. 



38. Describe the fruit of Oak and compare it with that of Hazel. 



39. Describe the general appearance of a Beech (a) in winter, (b) in 

 summer. What makes the Beech cast such a dense shade? Why i? 

 Beech called a " shade-enduring" tree ? 



40. Describe the inflorescences and flowers of Beech, with sketches. 

 How do the inflorescences of Beech and Oak differ from those of Birch, 

 Hazel, and Alder ? 



41. Describe the fruit of Beech, and compare it with that of Oak. 

 How are Beech and Oak fruits dispersed ? 



42. How would you distinguish an Elm in winter from a Beech, a 

 Lime, or a Sycamore? Describe the leaves and flowers of the Common 

 Elm, and compare with those of the Wych Elm. 



43. Describe the fruits of Common Elm and Wych Elm, with 

 sketches. How are Elm fruits dispersed? At what time of year do 

 they ripen ? 



44. How is the Common Elm chiefly propagated, and how does it 

 differ in this respect from the Wych Elm ? 



