TREES AND SHRUBS. 413 



45. Describe all the external features seen on a Sycamore twig show- 

 ing several years' growth. Give sketches, and explain all the marks 

 and structures you have drawn. 



46. Describe the flowers of Sycamore, and compare with those of 

 Hedge Maple. Give sketches. 



47. Describe the fruits of Sycamore, and compare with those of Maple. 

 How can you distinguish between Sycamore and the true Plane-tree 

 (a) in winter by bark and buds, (b) in summer by leaves and flowers ? 



48. Describe the leaves of Horse Chestnut, and compare with those of 

 Sycamore. Give sketches to show the relation between the two types 

 of leaf. 



49. Describe the flowers of Horse Chestnut, and compare with those 

 of Sycamore. Note the adaptations for pollination. 



50. Describe the fruit of Horse Chestnut, and compare it with that 

 of Sweet Chestnut. How may the latter plant be distinguished by its 

 leaves and flowers ? 



51. Compare the external features of the shoot (excluding flowers 

 and fruits) of Sycamore and 3 lorse Chestnut. 



52. Describe the mode of growth and the external features of the 

 Lilac. How is the Lilac usually propagated in gardens ? 



53. Describe the flowers and fruits of Lilac, with sketches. 



54. Describe the winter features of the Common Ash. What other 

 common trees resemble it in some respects (state these), and how can 

 the Ash be distinguished from them ? 



55. Describe the leaves and buds of the Ash, with sketches. What 

 distinctive features are shown by the twigs ? 



56. Describe the flowers and fruits of Ash, with sketches, and 

 mention the adaptations for pollination and for dispersal. 



57. How would you distinguish the following trees in winter : Oak, 

 Beech, Lime, Horse Chestnut, Elm, Lombard}' Poplar, Ash. Alder? 

 State how you can tell the annual segment of growth in a shoot. 



