182 FUL1GULINJE. CLANGULA. 



Abundant in winter on the eastern coasts of America. 

 Sometimes occurs also on the coasts of Europe. Mr Gould 

 states that he has received a female killed in the Frith of 

 Forth. 



Black Duck. Surf Duck. Great-billed Scoter. 



Anas perspicillata, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. 201. Anas perspi- 

 cillata, Lath. Ind. Ornith. ii. 847. Oidemia perspicillata, 

 Surf Scoter, MacGillivray, Brit. Birds, v. 



GENUS CXXXI. CLANGULA. GARROT. 



The species of this genus are inferior in size to the Eiders 

 and Scoters, to which they seem to be nearly allied. The 

 body is full, ovate, compact, and depressed ; the neck rather 

 short, and thick ; the head large, oblong, compressed, and 

 rounded above. Bill shorter than the head, much higher 

 than broad at the base, gradually depressed, and with its 

 breadth moderately diminished to the end, which is rounded ; 

 upper mandible with the lateral sinuses broad and rounded, 

 the basal angles short or moderate, the ridge flattened and 

 broad at the base, the unguis large and convex, the edges 

 thin, with little elevated lamella, which do not project. 

 Mouth of moderate width ; tongue fleshy, papillate at the 

 base, deeply grooved above, with the edges posteriorly ser- 

 rate, anteriorly lamelloso-fibrillate, the tip thin, and semi- 

 circular ; oesophagus of moderate width ; stomach large, 

 transversely elliptical, little compressed, with very strong 

 muscles, and dense epithelium ; intestine rather long and 

 wide ; coeca long and rather narrow. Trachea generally 

 much enlarged about the middle, with an extremely large 

 bony and membranous tympanum. Nostrils oblong, medial. 

 Eyes small. Aperture of ear small. Legs very short, and 

 placed rather far behind ; tarsus compressed, with small an- 

 terior scutella ; hind toe very slender, with a lobiform mem- 

 brane ; anterior toes nearly double the length of the tarsus ; 

 interdigital membranes full ; claws small, slender, com- 

 pressed, rather blunt. Plumage dense, soft, blended ; wings 

 short, narrow, convex ; the second quill longest, the first 

 scarcely shorter ; tail short, graduated, of sixteen stiffish, 

 rounded feathers. 



The Garrots inhabit the colder regions, retiring southward 



