186 FULIGULINJE. CRYMONESSA. 



moderate ; scapulars and middle tail-feathers much elon- 

 gated, and tapering in the male ; wings short, convex, acute ; 

 the first and second quills about equal ; tail small, of four- 

 teen feathers. 



This genus has been named Harelda, apparently a mis- 

 print of Havelda, which is said to be the Icelandic appella- 

 tion of the bird ; but as I have objected to the use of bar- 

 barous generic names, I have thought that a name com- 

 pounded of %.%'jpog, ice, and y<r<r#, duck, might be as appro- 

 priate as any other. 



261. CRYMONESSA GLACIALIS. LONG-TAILED ICE-DUCK. 



Male with the two middle tail-feathers extremely narrow 

 and elongated, and somewhat recurvate ; female with the tail 

 very short and rounded. Male in winter with the bill black 

 in its basal half, red toward the end, with the unguis black ; 

 the feet dull orange-red ; the head and neck white, the cheeks 

 grey ; an oblong black and brown patch on each side of the 

 neck ; the fore part of the breast, the back, wing-coverts, and 

 elongated tail-feathers blackish -brown ; the quills dark 

 brown ; the scapulars and lower parts white ; the tail-fea- 

 thers chiefly white. Female with the bill deep bluish-grey, 

 the feet reddish-brown ; the upper part of the head and nape 

 chocolate-brown ; the sides of the head and neck, and middle 

 part of the hind-neck white ; the throat, an oblong patch on 

 the sides of the neck, and the lower neck all round, greyish- 

 brown ; the lower parts white, the upper deep chocolate- 

 brown, the tail brownish-grey. Male in summer with the 

 upper part of the head and the nape brownish-black, the sides 

 of the head greyish-white, the neck all round, and the fore 

 part of the breast, dark chocolate-brown ; the back and wing- 

 coverts brownish-black, the scapulars margined with reddish- 

 brown. 



Male, 25, 30, 9J, 1 T 2 5 , I/*, H, T V t Female, 16, 26. 



This species inhabits the arctic regions of both continents, 

 in summer extending to the margins of the polar ice, and in 

 winter moving southward along the coasts, but not advancing 

 far into the temperate regions. It is very common in the 

 north of Scotland, less so in the south, and rare on the coasts 

 of England. Its food consists of shell-fi^h and Crustacea, for 

 which it dives. From its loud clear cry, it is named in the 

 northern islands Calloo. The structure of its trachea indi- 

 cates an affinity to the Mergansers. 



