FULIGULIN^E. AYTHYA. 191 



264. AYTHYA RUFINA. RED-CRESTED POCHARD. 



Male twenty-one inches long, with the bill two inches and 

 two-twelfths long, rather narrow, bright red, with the unguis 

 white ; feathers of the upper part of the head and nape elon- 

 gated ; head and upper neck brownish-red ; lower part of neck, 

 breast, and abdomen, black ; back, wings, and tail, light 

 brown ; sides of the body, outer secondary quills, anterior edge 

 of the wing, and an oblong spot on each shoulder, white. 

 Female with the bill bright red ; the upper part of the head 

 and nape deep brown ; the throat, cheeks, and sides of the 

 neck greyish-white ; the upper parts brown ; the lower fore- 

 neck and sides mottled with brown ; the lower parts brown- 

 ish-white. 



Male, 21, . . , 2 T ^, 10, IfV 



This species is said to inhabit more especially the eastern 

 parts of the north of Europe, migrating southward in autumn. 

 A few individuals have been shot in England. 



Anas rufina, Gmel. Syst. Nat. i. 541. Anas rufina, Lath. 

 Ind. Ornith. ii. 870. Anas rufina, Temm. Man. d'Ornith. ii. 

 864. Aythya rufina, Red-crested Pochard, MacGillivray, 

 Brit. Birds, v. 



265. AYTHYA FERINA. RED-HEADED POCHARD. 



Male eighteen inches long, with the bill rather narrow, two 

 inches in length, of the nearly uniform breadth of eight- 

 twelfths, black at the base and tip, dull light blue elsewhere ; 

 feathers of the head short ; head and upper half of the neck 

 brownish-red ; lower part of neck and hind part of back 

 brownish-black ; back greyish-white, minutely undulated with 

 dark grey ; secondary quills ash-grey ; lower parts greyish- 

 white, minutely undulated ; hind part of abdomen and lower 

 tail-coverts dusky ; tail greyish-brown, of fourteen feathers. 

 Female with less blue on the bill, the head and hind-neck 

 reddish-brown ; the fore part of the cheeks paler ; the lower 

 part of the neck all round and the back greyish-brown, the 

 latter obscurely undulated with white ; the rest as in the 

 male, but duller, and the sides dusky. Young like the fe- 

 male. 



Male, 18, 25^, 8J, 2, 1^, 2 T V, T V Female, 17, 24. 



The Red-headed Pochards arrive on our coasts in the end 

 of October, some betaking themselves to marshes and pools, 

 others remaining in the bays and estuaries. They feed chiefly 



