172 ALAUDIN^E. ALAUDA. 



nus, Audub. Synops. 94. Anthus aquaticus, Bechst, Temm. 

 Man. d'Ornith. iv. 623. 



102. ANTHUS KICHARDI. RICHARD'S PIPIT. 



Upper parts olivaceous-brown, spotted with dark brown ; 

 lower parts dull white, the fore part of the neck beneath and 

 a portion of the breast and sides tinged with reddish-yellow, 

 and marked with oblong dusky spots ; a line of similar spots 

 from the base of the bill ; two outer tail-feathers white, with 

 a portion of the inner web brown ; tarsi long ; hind claw much 

 longer than the first joint of the toe, and nearly straight. 



Male, 6|, . ., 3f. 



This species, which is about the size of Anthus obscurus, 

 from which it is distinguished by its different colours, as well 

 as its more elongated tarsi, and hind claws, has occurred in 

 England only in a very few instances. It was first made 

 known as a British bird by Mr Vigors, who described and 

 figured a young individual caught near London in October 

 1812. That acute ornithologist places it in a genus apart, to 

 which he gives the name of Corydalla. 



Anthus Bichardi, Temm. Man. d'Ornith. i. 263 ; iii. 185. 

 Anthus Bichardi, Richard's Pipit, MacGillivray, Brit. Birds, 

 ii. 199. 



GENUS LIV. ALAUDA. LARK. 



Bill short, straight, somewhat conical, slightly compressed ; 

 upper mandible with the dorsal line decimate and slightly 

 convex, the ridge narrow, the sides convex, the edges sharp, 

 without notch, the tip rather acute ; lower mandible with the 

 angle rather narrow, the dorsal line ascending and very 

 slightly convex, the edges direct, the tip rather acute ; gape- 

 line straight. Mouth rather narrow ; tongue of moderate 

 length, narrow, emarginate and papillate at the base, thin- 

 edged, the tip slit, terminated by two small bristly tufts ; 

 oesophagus of moderate width, nearly uniform ; proventri- 

 culus oblong ; stomach a remarkably powerful gizzard, round- 

 ish, somewhat compressed, with very large muscles, and dense 

 epithelium, which is smooth and thickened opposite the mus- 

 cles ; intestine of moderate length ; coeca very small and cy- 

 lindrical. Nostrils elliptical, basal, in the fore and lower 

 part of the broad nasal membrane. Eyes of moderate size. 



