PASSERINE. COCCOTHRAUSTES. CHLOROSPIZA. 203 



128. COCCOTHRAUSTES ATROGULARIS. BLACK-THROATED 

 GROSBEAK. 



Male with the head yellowish-brown, the throat and space 

 before the eyes black, the fore part of the back dark chestnut ; 

 four of the primary quills emarginate and curved outwards at 

 the extremity. Female with the colours similar, but paler. 

 The bill is pale flesh-coloured in winter, but in spring becomes 

 deep blue, as in the Chaffinch. Young with the throat bright 

 yellow ; the head, neck, and upper parts, olive-brown ; lower 

 parts paler, each feather tipped with brown. 



Male, 7i 2 2, 11, 4 T y, if, if, &, T V Female, 7. 



Flocks of this species usually visit England, and less fre- 

 quently Scotland, in the beginning of winter, remaining until 

 the end of spring, and feeding on seeds and kernels. Indivi- 

 duals, however, are permanently resident, the eggs and young 

 having repeatedly been found, especially in the vicinity of 

 Epping Forest. The nest is composed of decayed leaves and 

 lichens, with a lining of fibrous roots and hair. The eggs, 

 from four to six, are pale olive, spotted with black, and streak- 

 ed with dusky. 



Hawfinch. 



Loxia Coccothraustes, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. 299. Fringilla 

 Coccothraustes, Temm. Man. d'Ornith. i. 344. Cocco- 

 thraustes atrogularis, Black- throated Grosbeak, or Hawfinch, 

 MacGillivray, Brit. Birds, i. 356. 



GENUS LXIY. CHLOROSPIZA. GREENFINCH. 



Our Greenfinch is so nearly allied to the Grosbeaks on 

 the one hand, and to the Linnets and Sparrows on the other, 

 that one might expect little censure, either for uniting it 

 with any one of these genera, or for according it generic dis- 

 tinction. Prince Charles L. Bonaparte having preferred the 

 latter method, I see no very urgent reason for not adopting 

 his views. 



Bill shortish, straight, conical, subpentagonal at the base, 

 nearly as broad as high, compressed toward the end, acute ; 

 upper mandible with the dorsal line slightly curved, the ridge 

 broad and convex, the sides convex, the edges inflected, with 

 scarcely perceptible indications of a notch, close to the acute 

 tip ; lower mandible with the angle semicircular, the dorsal 



