CONTENTS. ix 



PAGE 



15. Phosphorus. 



Occurrence in nature Manufacture, properties, and modifica- 

 tions Poisonous properties and detection in cases of poisoning 

 Oxides of phosphorus Phosphorous acid ; tests for it Metaphos- 

 phoric, pyrophosphoric, orthophosphoric acid ; tests for them 

 Hypophosphorous acid ; tests for it Phosphoretted hydrogen . 92-99 



16. Chlorine. 



Haloids or halogens Preparation and properties of chlorine 

 Chlorine water Hydrochloric acid ; tests for it Nitrohydro- 

 chloric acid Compounds of chlorine with oxygen Hypochlor- 

 ous acid Chloric acid ; tests for it 99-105 



'17. Bromine. Iodine. Fluorine. 



Bromine Hydrohromic acid Tests for bromides Iodine 

 Hydriodic acid Tests for iodine and iodides Fluorine Hydro- 

 fluoric acid 105-108 



IV. 



METALS AND THEIK COMBINATIONS. 



18. General remarks regarding metals. 



Derivation of names, symbols, and atomic weights Melting- 

 points, specific gravities, time of discovery, valence, occurrence in 

 nature, classification, and general properties of metals . . . 109-114 



19. Potassium. 



General remarks regarding the alkali-metals Occurrence in 

 nature Potassium hydrate, carbonate, bicarbonate, chlorate, sul- 

 phate, sulphite, hypophosphite, iodide, bromide analytical reac- 

 tions 115-120 



20. Sodium. 



Occurrence in nature Sodium chloride, carbonate, bicarbonate, 

 sulphate, sulphite, hyposulphite, phosphate, nitrate Analytical 

 reactions Lithium . . . . . . . . . 121-124 



21. Ammonium. 



General remarks Ammonium chloride, carbonate, sulphate, 

 nitrate, phosphate, iodide, bromide, and sulphide Analytical re- 

 actions 125-128 



22. Magnesium. 



General remarks Occurrence in nature Metallic magnesium 

 Magnesium carbonate, oxide, sulphate, sulphite Analytical 

 reactions 129-131 



23. Calcium. 



General remarks regarding alkaline earths Occurrence in 

 nature Calcium oxide, hydrate, carbonate, sulphate, phosphate, 

 acid phosphate, and hypophosphite Bone-black and bone-ash 

 Chlorinated lime Sulphurated lime Analytical reactions for 

 calcium Barium and strontium ; their salts and analytical reac- 

 tions . 132-137 



