viii CONTENTS. 



PAGE 



7. Determination of atomic -weights. 



Determination of atomic weights by chemical decomposition, by 

 means of specific weights of gases or vapors, by means of specific 

 heat 47-50 



8. Decomposition of compounds. Groups of compounds. 



Decomposition by heat, light, and electricity Mutual action of 

 substances upon each other Analysis and synthesis Acid, basic, 

 and neutral substances Salts Kesidues, radicles .... 51-57 



9. General remarks regarding elements. 



Eelative importance of different elements Classification of ele- 

 ments Metals and non-metals Natural groups of elements Phys- 

 ical properties of elements Allotropic modifications Relationship 

 between elements and the compounds formed by their union No- 

 menclature How to study chemistry - 57-63 



III. 



NON-METALS AND THEIR COMBINATIONS. 



Symbols, atomic weights, and derivation of names Occurrence in 

 nature Time of discovery 64-66 



10. Oxygen. 



History Occurrence in nature Preparation Physical and chem- 

 ical properties Combustion Ozone 66-69 



11. Hydrogen. 



History Occurrence in nature Preparation Properties Water 

 Mineral waters Drinking water Distilled water Hydrogen di- 

 oxide 69-73 



12. Nitrogen. 



Occurrence in nature Preparation Properties Atmospheric air 

 Ammonia Compounds of nitrogen and oxygen Nitric acid, tests 

 for it 73-77 



13. Carbon. 



Occurrence in nature Properties Diamond Graphite Tests 

 for carbon Carbon dioxide Carbonic acid Tests for carbonic acid 

 Carbon monoxide Compounds of carbon and hydrogen Flame 

 Silicium Boron Tests for silicic and boracic acids . . . 78-84 



14. Sulphur. 



Occurrence in nature Properties Sublimed, washed, and pre- 

 cipitated sulphur Sulphur dioxide Sulphurous acid; tests for it 

 Sulphur trioxide Sulphuric acid, its manufacture and properties 

 Tests for sulphates Sulpho-acids Hyposulphurous acid Hydro- 

 sulphuric acid ; tests for it . . 85-91 



