298 CONSIDERATION OF CARBON COMPOUNDS. 



bines with strong bases, for instance with sodium, forming 

 sodium phenoxide or sodium phenate : 



C 6 H 5 HO + NaHO = C 6 H 5 NaO + H 2 O. 



Phenol does not yield an aldehyde or acid by oxidation, like 

 fatty alcohols. 



As antidotes, may be used olive oil or castor oil, a mixture of 

 both, or a mixture of magnesia and oil. 



Tests for carbolic acid. 



1. It coagulates albumen. 



2. It colors solutions of neutral ferric chloride intensely and 

 permanently blue or violet. 



3. Bromine produces, even in diluted solutions of carbolic 

 acid, a white precipitate of tribrom-phenol. 



4. A slip of pinewood moistened with hydrochloric acid, and 

 then dipped into carbolic acid turns blue on exposure to sun- 

 light. 



Creasote, Creasotum. This is a product of the distillation of 

 wood-tar, and resembles carbolic acid in many respects, especi- 

 ally in its antiseptic properties and its action on the skin. It is 

 a mixture of substances, but consists chiefly of creasol, C 8 H 10 7 , 

 and guaiacol, C 7 H 8 2 . 



From carbolic acid creasote may be distinguished by not 

 coagulating albumen, by not being solidified on cooling, by not 

 coloring ferric chloride permanently, and by its lower boiling- 

 point. 



Sulphocarbolic acid, HC 6 H 5 S0 4 (Phenol-sulphonic acid). Formed 

 by dissolving carbolic acid in strong sulphuric acid: 



C 6 H 5 HO + H 2 SO 4 = HC 6 H 5 SO 4 + H 2 O. 



Sulphocarbolate of sodium, Sodii sulphocarbolas, NaC 6 H 5 SO 4 .2H 2 O, 

 is obtained as a white soluble salt by dissolving sodium car- 

 bonate in the above acid. 



Picric acid, C 6 H 2 (N0 2 ) 3 HO (Trinitro-phenol, Carbazotic add). 

 This substance is formed by the action of nitric acid on various 



