ALKALOIDS. 



323 



In cinchona bark. 



In nux vomica. 



In solanaceae. 



Veratrum album and viride. 



Aconitum napellas. 



Colchicum autumnale. 



Berberis vulgaris. 



Pepper. 



Ipecacuanha root. 



White mustard seed. 



Calabar bean. 



Pilocarpus. 



Coffee, tea. 



Seeds of theobroma cacao. 



Coniine, C 8 H 15 N. Occurs in conium maculatum (hemlock), 

 accompanied by two other alkaloids. It is a colorless, oily 

 liquid, having a disagreeable, penetrating odor. 



Nicotine, C 10 H 14 N 2 . Tobacco leaves contain from 2 to 8 per 

 cent, of nicotine, which is a colorless, oily liquid, having a 

 caustic taste and a disagreeable, penetrating odor. It gives 

 with hydrochloric acid a violet, with nitric acid an orange 

 color. 



Opium is the concrete, milky exudation obtained, in Asia 

 Minor, by incising the unripe capsules of papaver somniferum, 

 poppy. Chemically, opium is a mixture of a large number of 

 substances containing besides gum, albumen, wax, volatile and 

 coloring matter, mecouic acid, meconin, etc., not less than 16 

 or 18 different alkaloids, many of which are, however, present 

 in minute quantities. 



Ordinary opium should contain not less than 9 per cent., and 

 when dried at 85 from 12 to 16 per cent, of morphine. 



Dried and powdered opium, after having been exhausted with 

 ten times its weight of stronger ether (which dissolves chiefly 

 the narcotine, but not the morphine salts), the ethereal solution 



