ALKALOIDS. 325 



Morphine combines with acids, and of the salts are officinal : 



Acetate of morphine, morphine acetas, C 17 H 19 N0 3 .HC 2 H 3 O 2 .3H 2 0. 

 Hydrochlorate of morphine, morphinse hydrochloras, C 17 H 19 NO 3 .HC1.3H 2 0. 

 Sulphate of morphine, morphinae sulphas, (C 17 H 19 NO 3 ) 2 H 2 SO 4 .5H 2 O. 



The above three salts are white and soluble in water. 



Analytical reactions for morphine. 



1. Nitric acid first reddens morphine, and then renders it 

 yellow. 



2. Strong neutral solution of ferric chloride causes a blue 

 color with morphine or with neutral solutions of morphine salts; 

 the color is changed to green by an excess of the reagent, and 

 is destroyed by free acids or alcohol, but not by alkalies. 



8. A fragment of iodic acid added to a strong solution of a 

 morphine salt is decomposed, with liberation of iodine, which 

 imparts a violet color to chloroform upon shaking the latter 

 with the mixture. 



4. A mixture of 1 part of morphine and 4 parts of cane-sugar 

 added to concentrated sulphuric acid gives a dark-red color, 

 which is intensified by a drop of bromine water. 



5. Morphine dissolves in cold, concentrated sulphuric acid, 

 forming a colorless solution, which, after standing for several 

 hours, turns pink on the addition of a trace of nitric acid. 



6. Aqueous or acid solutions of morphine salts are precipi- 

 tated by alkaline hydrates ; the precipitated morphine is soluble 

 in potassium or sodium hydrate, but not in ammonium hydrate. 



7. Neutral solutions of morphine afford yellow precipitates 

 with the chloride of gold or platinum, with potassium chro- 

 mate or dichromate, and with picric acid, but not with mercuric 

 chloride. 



Codeine, Codeina, C 18 H 21 N0 3 .H 2 = 317. A white or yellowish- 

 white, crystalline powder, sparingly soluble in cold water, easily 

 soluble in alcohol and chloroform. 



Analytical reactions : 



1. Codeine, dissolved in sulphuric acid containing 1 per cent, 

 of sodium molybdate, forms at first a dirty-green solution, 

 which after a while becomes pure blue, and gradually fades 

 within a few hours to pale yellow. 



