126 



STEMS 



Find some having more than one bud at a leaf scar. Find 

 some in which buds occur at unusual places. Find a branch 

 which has been wounded or bruised on which adventitious 

 buds have appeared. 



Query. In what two ways may the age of a given twig 

 be determined? Illustrate, using a twig of apple or horse- 

 chestnut three or four years 

 old. 



By what external struc- 

 tures may one tell (a) when 

 fruit was produced ? (6) what 

 former seasons were favor - 



FIG. 49. Larch. 

 (Photographed by W. C. Barbour.) 



FIG. 50. Elm. 

 (Photographed by W. C. Barbour.) 



able to growth? (c) in what position the twig grew on 

 the tree? How may the last two facts be revealed by the 

 internal characteristics ? 



What natural habits of growth make the pine, the spruce, 

 and the fir tree produce unbroken (excurrent) trunks ? What 

 outside causes may modify these trees, causing them to pro- 

 duce more or less broken trunks? 



