PTERIDOFHYTA. 2$ 



of preceding years often persistent ; plant also propagated like the preceding 

 species by gemmae, which fall to the ground and become new plants. In cold, 

 damp woods, Newf. to Br. Col. south to N. Car. and la. 



3. Lycoppdium inundatum L. (I. F. f. 90.) Plants, 2.5-13 cm. long, with 

 creeping flaccid forking brittle sterile stems closely appressed to the earth. Fertile 

 stems erect, solitary, 2.5-15 cm. high, terminated by a short spike ; leaves lan- 

 ceolate or lanceolate- subulate with hyaline margins, those of the spike similar to 

 those below, acute, soft, spreading, mostly entire, those of the sterile stems curved 

 upward ; spikes rarely two together, 1.5-3.5 cm. long, yellowish ; sporanges 

 transversely oval, splitting nearly to the base ; spores large, reticulated. In 

 sandy bogs, Newf. to W. Ont. and Mich., south to Fla. Also in Europe and Asia. 

 Larger forms with fertile stems' 12-17 cm. high and more pointed serrate leaves 

 have been separated as var. Bigelovii. 



4. Lycopodium alopecuroides L. (I. F. f. 91.) Plant stout, leafy, the sterile 

 branches flaccid, recurved and creeping, sometimes 25 cm. long. Fertile stems 

 stout, rigid, erect, 15-50 cm. high, terminated by a spike 1.8-3.5 cm - l n g> an d, 

 including its leaves, 8-10 mm. thick; leaves narrowly linear-subulate, those of the 

 spike similar to those below, spinulose -pointed, spreading, conspicuously bristle- 

 toothed below the middle, those of the spike with long setaceous tips ; sporanges 

 transversely oval, splitting to near the base. In pine-barren swamps, N. J. to 

 Fla. , near the coast, west to Miss. 



5 Lycopodium obscurum L. GROUND PINE. (I. F. f. 92.) Stems erect, 1.5-3 

 dm. high, bushy, the branches fan-like, the rootstocks subterranean, nearly hori- 

 zontal. Leaves lanceolate-linear, acute, entire, 8-ranked on the main stem, those 

 of the branches 6 -ranked, with the two upper and the two lower ranks shorter and 

 appressed, or all alike and equally incurved-spreading, densely clothing the stems 

 up to the bases of the spikes; spikes i-io on each plant, 12-35 cm. long, com- 

 posed of many-ranked ovate scarious-margined bracts (scale-like leaves), each 

 with a transversely oval sporange in its axil. In moist woods, Newf. and Lab. 

 to Alaska, south to N. Car. and Ind. Also in Asia. (L. dendroidettm Michx.) 



6. Lycopodium annotinum L. (I. F. f. 93 ) Stems much branched, slender, 

 creeping, rather stiff, 3-12. dm. long, the branches similar, ascending, 12-20 cm. 

 high, sparingly forked. Leaves uniform, spreading, 5 -ranked, rigid, linear- 

 lanceolate, minutely serrulate, nerved below; s-pikes solitary or several at the ends 

 of the branches, oblong-cylindric, 2.5-6 cm. long, composed of ovate or ovate- 

 cordate, short-acuminate and denticulate bracts, each with a sporange in its axil; 

 spores smooth or spinulose - reticulated on the basal surface. In woods and 

 thickets, commonly in dry soil, Lab. to Alaska, south to N. J., W. Va., Mich., 

 Colo, and Wash. Also in Europe and Asia. Mountain forms with more rigid 

 pointed leaves have been separated as var. pungens. 



7. Lycopodium alpinum L. (I. F. f. 94.) Stems elongated, creeping, with 

 ascending densely crowded dichotomous branches. Leaves 4-ranked, erect-imbri- 

 cate, adnate-decurrent, of two forms; those of the lateral rows lanceolate, falcate, 

 acute, carinate, concave within, those of the intermediate rows scarcely one-third 

 as large, lanceolate-subulate, the upper and lower rows alike; spikes solitary at 

 the apices of slightly elongated branches, erect, closely sessile, the stems leafy to 

 their bases ; bracts broadly ovate, acuminate, dentate; spores reticulated. Li 

 woods, Lab. to L. Superior, Wash, and Alaska. Sometimes united with L. com- 

 flanalnm. Also in Europe and Asia. 



8. Lycopodium sabinaefolium Willd. (I. F. f. 95.) Stems elongated, creep- 

 ing, or subterranean with short erect dichotomous clustered ascending branches, 

 5-8 cm. long. Leaves 4-ranked, small, appressed or slightly curved outward, 

 lanceolate, mucroiiate, entire, apparently terete ; spikes short-peduncled, solitary, 

 cylindric, with cordate acuminate erose-denticulate or entire bracts ; sporanges 

 transversely oval or somewhat reniform, deeply splitting. In cold woods, Lab. to 

 N. J. and Br. Col. 



9. Lycopodium clavatum L. RUNNING PINE. (I. F. f. 96.) Stems creep- 

 ing, 3-20 dm. long, with similar short irregular ascending or decumbent densely 

 leafy branches. Leaves much crowded, many-ranked, incurved, linear-subulate, 

 bristle-tipped, the lower denticulate, the upper nearly entire and slightly decurrent 

 on either side ; spikes 1-4 on long 8-striate peduncles ; bracts membranous, round- 



